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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



DRILL TACTICS 



Select Knights 



a. o. u. w. 



containing 

School of the Knight, Division and Battalion; 
Sword Manual; Rules for Camps, Parades, 
Competitive Drills; Reception and Es- 
cort Duties, Knightly Courtesies, 
together with Burial Service, 
Etc. 

Prepared under Authority of the Supreme Legion, 
H. B. GRANT, 

Author of Grant' 's Knights Tern 



CINCINNATI: 
THE PETTIBONE M'F'G 
1883. 




HSI5/0 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1883, by 

The Pettibone Manufacturing Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, 

in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, 

at Washington, D.C, 



^elect Jjnigfjts, Attention 



This Manual of Military Drill, published by the 
Pettibone MTg Co., of Cincinnati, is the regula- 
tion Drill Tactics for the Select Knights, and no 
other should be used in our organization, and none 
are genuine unless they bear the impression of the 
Seal of the Supreme Legion upon the title page. 
Fraternally, in 

E. I. AND U., 

CLARK D. KNAPP, 
Supreme Commander. 



PREFACE. 



This system of drill is so closely assimilated to 
those prepared by the Author for other semi-Mili- 
tary Orders, as well as to the U. S. Infantry Tactics, 
that any one familiar with either will feel little 
embarrassment in comprehending and using the 
other. 

Societies often experience great difficulty in 
assembling a sufficient number of members to make 
a creditable appearance ; hence, a formation with 
four as the unit is not deemed best to secure the 
most satisfactory results. Considering the meager 
number, of even moderately well-drilled men, who 
can usually be induced to report for society 
"parades" — three has been selected as the unit, and 
this appears, heretofore, to have met with general 
approval ; because it gives the greatest display 
with the fewest number. If the numbers are such 
as to warrant a wider column (a rare occurrence), 
subdivisions may be formed by doubling the front, 
by double rank formation, or both. 

In the Army, file closers are essential, among 
other measures, to preserve the integrity and ef- 
fectiveness of a line in action. No such reasons 

5 



PREFACE. 



obtain in uniformed societies Besides, the file 
closers diminish the length of the line by drafts from 
the body ; and detract from the shapeliness of the 
column by giving it a "ragged" appearance. Again 
they interfere, somewhat, with display movements 
which have become popular, hence file closers have 
been dispensed with. 

To still further utilize every available uniform, 
and avoid other objectionable features for a civic 
society, subordinate officers are posted in the line 
and serve as guides — except on the few occasions 
when they are needed as chiefs of subdivisions. 

Such arrangements have heretofore met with 
the favorable opinions of skilled tacticians; and 
intimate acquaintance with the use of these means, 
adopted to "swell the ranks" in public demonstra- 
tions, confirm the conviction as to correctness of 
the theory advanced. 

From what has been said of file closers, it is 
deemed expedient to merge the subordinate officers 
in the line. 

In recent publications, the author's illustrations 
from other works have been used without authority. 



Contents. 



Preface 

Indorsement 

Nomenclature 9, 10 

School of the Select Knight 11 

Manual of the Sword 26 

Silent Manual 38 

Salutes 14, 28, 29, 39 

School of the Officer 40 

School of the Legion 44 

Legion and Display Drill 74 

School of the Battalion 140 

Honors paid by Select Knights 169 

Visitation and Courtesies without Arms 170 

Escorts of Honor 171 

Reception and Escorts of Grand Officer 172 

7 



8 CONTENTS. 

Dress Parade. . 173 

Review 177 

General Parade 180 

Sword Signals 184 

Bugle Signals— 33 Signals, 1 March 186 

Award of Prize and Rules for Competitive Drill ....... 195 

Camps and Camping 199 

Correspondence and Orders 202 

Appendix — Burial Service , 208 



Yocafiularry nl[ JV[ilitaiqy IIlEipms. 



About. Awheel (or face) of 180 . Full about; awheel 
of 360 . 

Battalion. Two or more legions as prescribed. 

Cadence. The rate of regular planting of the feet in 
marching and succession of motions in the manual. 

Column. A number of subdivisions formed in lines one 
behind the other. 

Column of Files. A single or double rank faced to the 
right or left (into column). 

Cover. Files or guides cover when exactly behind or in 
rear of each other, marching or at a halt. 

Deploy. To extend; a column "extended" into line. 

Distance. Space between Knights or subdivisions, meas- 
ured in depth (perpendicular to their front). 

Division. One-half (one-third or one-fourth) more or less 
of the legion. (In the army drill, called Platoon). (See p 46). 

Double Section. Twelve Knights in line, single or 
double rank. 

Drill Corps. A portion of the legion, with a head and 
members, organized for drilling. 

Echelon. Subdivisions in lines at equal distances, like 
stair steps, one more advanced than the other. 

Facing Distance is such that in facing to the right or 
left, into line, the elbows will touch. 

File. A Knight in rank. Two or more Knights, one be- 
hind the other, in ranks. 

File-leader. The Knight in front of the file, whom the 
others of the file cover. 

9 



10 VOCABULARY OF MILITARY TERMS. 

Flank, Either extremity of line or side of a column. 

Interval. Space between Knights or subdivisions in 
line, measured parallel to their front. 

Legion Distance. A distance equal to the front of the 
legion when in line. 

Line. Knights formed abreast; that is, elbow to elbow. 

Marching Flank. The extremity of the line farthest 
from the pivot in the wheelings. 

Motion. A distinct movement in the manual of the sword, 
withoutpause,and designated as first motion ^second motion, etc. 

Pivot. The Knight on the flank upon whom the wheel- 
ing is made. 

Point of Rest. The point where the right will rest in 
movements from right to left, or where left will rest when 
movement is from left to right. 

Post. Position or place prescribed. 

Rank. A number of Knights in line. 

Right in Front is when the original of the line is the 
head of the column. The reverse is left in front. 

Roster. List of Officers and Knights for duty. 

Schedule. A programme containing the movements, 
etc., to be executed. 

Section. Six knights in line, single or double rank. 

Squad. A small detachment of Knights. It may be 
used as preparatory, in lieu of Knights. 

Standard Guard. The Recorder, Standard Bearer 
and Treasurer, formed in the order named, from the right. 

Subdivision. Threes, sectons, etc.; a legion subdivided. 

Wheel. A circular movement by which a line of two or 
more Knights is placed at right angles to its former position. 

Wheeling Distance is such that in wheeling into line 
the subdivisions will exactly join those on the right and 
left ; or the distance between subdivisions equal to the front 
of the subdivision. 

Wing. One-half of a line. One of the Grand Divisions 
into which a line mav be divided. 



^ctpnl n\ tt[E ^elect gnigfyt. 



INTRODUCTION. 



The instruction of Select Knights in the drill can only 
be perfected by joining theory to practice. 

A competent officer should be detailed to drill the Knights 
in the School of the Select Knight before they are per- 
mitted to enter the ranks of the legion. Stated times for 
drill, faithfully improved, are essential to success. A well- 
disciplined legion will rarely be troubled about a "constitu- 
tional number" at its meetings, and a legion that is not well 
drilled, cannot perform the ceremonies with credit, as defi- 
ciency in drill necessarily detracts from their beauty and im- 
pressiveness. Let those who are skeptical witness the 
difference before criticising. 

In this work commands are given for the execution of 
movements toward both right and left flanks, but the explana- 
tion of the movement toward one flank only will be made. 
To obtain the explanation toward the other flank, substitute 
left for right, or the reverse. 

The last syllable of a command determines its prompt 
execution. 

The Commander has the right, and ought to command in 
person. But if, being present, he places temporarily in 
command, one who is peculiarly fitted for the position, it 
ought to be cheerfully acquiesced in. 

When commands are prescribed herein without mention 
as to who should give them, it will be understood that they 
are given by the officer in charge. 



12 SCHOOL OF THE SELECT KNIGHT. 

The movements and commands in the School of the Select 
Knight apply with equal force in other parts of this work 
wherever instruction to the contrary is not given, substitut- 
ing legion, etc., for Sir Knights or Squad. 

COMMANDS. 

Commands should be given in a clear, animated tone r 
every syllable distinct, and loud enough to be heard without 
difficulty by every Knight under instruction. If the lines are 
subdivided, the commands may be briskly repeated by the 
officers in charge of subdivisions, if necessary, in a lower 
tone, but loud enough to be heard by their particular section 
or division. The failure of a single Knight to understand 
the command may throw the entire line into confusion. 

Commands are of two kinds: 

i. Preparatory ; such as forward, carry, etc., [printed 
in italics] indicate the movement to be executed. 

2. Of execution; such as march, swords, etc., [printed 
in small capitals] pronounced in a firm, brief tone, indi- 
cate the exact instant for commencing, and causes the exe- 
cution of a movement. 

A preparatory command should always precede and be 
understood before adding that of execution. The cadence 
of commands is determined by the step. Ordinarily the 
cadence, at a halt, is common time (p. 16). 

POSITION. 

Heels on the same line, as near each other as the forma- 
tion of Knight will permit. If one heel be in the rear of the 
other, one shoulder will be thrown back, and the position is- 
constrained. Men knocked -kneed, or with large calves 
cannot, without constraint, make their heels touch while 
standing. 

The feet turned out equally, forming with each other an 
angle of about sixty degrees. If one is turned out more 



SCHOOL OF THE SELECT KNIGHT. 13 

than the other, the shoulders will be deranged; if both are 
turned out too much, the upper part of the body cannot be 
inclined forward without making the position unsteady. 

The knees straight, without stiffness. If stiffened con- 
straint and fatigue will be unavoidable. 

The body erect upon the hips, inclining a little forward. 
This gives equilibrium to the position. The reverse is com- 
mon — that is, throwing the shoulders back and projecting the 
belly, which causes inconvenience in marching, and fatigue. 

The shoulders square and falling equally. Many have a 
bad habit of dropping one shoulder. Correct it at once. 

The arms hanging naturally; 

The elbows near the body; 

The palms of the lianas truned slightly to the front, hands 
open, fingers together and nearly straight, the little fingers 
behind the seams of the pantaloons. These prevent Knights 
from occupying unnecessary space in ranks, and tends to 
keep the shoulders in. 

The head erect and square to the front ; 

The chi?i slightly drawn in, without constraint. Stiffness 
in these positions will be communicated to other parts of the 
body, giving pain and fatigue. 

The eyes straight to the front, striking the ground at about 
the distance of fifteen yards. The surest way to keep the 
shoulders in line and head erect. Insist upon it. 

When the Knights appreciate the importance and under- 
stand the details of the position — the alpha of the tactics — 
pass to the next lesson. 

Let the Knights rest often, for a few moments at a time, 
until they become easy in their positions; for this purpose, 
command ; 

Rest. 

All are now at liberty to stand, sit, or lie down, but not to 
move more than two or three yards away, nor is silence re- 
quired. 



14 SCHOOL OF THE SELECT KNIGHT. 

Wishing to relieve the attention merely, command: 

i. In place. 2. Rest. 
The immobility or silence need not then be preserved, but 
the left heel ought to be kept in its place. 

i. Sir Knights (a* Squad). 2. Attention. 

At the first command quiet is restored, and at the second, 
every Knight promptly takes his position, remains motion- 
less and fixes his attention. 

To dismiss the squad, command. 

1. Break ranks. 2. March. 
1. Eyes Right (or Left). 2. Front. 

At the command right, each Knight will turn his head 
promptly, but gently, so as to bring the inner corner of the 
left eye on a line with the center of the body, the eyes fixed 
on the eyes of the Knights in, or supposed to be in, the same 
rank. (This is the position of head and eyes in right dress, 
except that the Knight on the extreme right does not turn 
the head, but remains at attention). Retain this position until 
the command front is given, when the head and eyes re- 
sume the habitual position. 

Eyes left is exactly the reverse of eyes right. 

See that every motion is understood and properly executed 
before passing to the next; but do not dwell too long upon 
any one, lest a dislike be engendered for the work at the be- 
ginning. Be clear and plain in every explanation, and, if nec- 
essary, cause each Knight by himself to execute the motions, 
and correct any defect as soon as discovered. While cour- 
tesy is extended to all, the discipline in ranks should be 
impartially rigid. 

SALUTES WITH THE HAND. 

I. Right (or left) hand. 2. Salute. 
First motion. Raise the right hand till the tips of the 
fingers touch the vizor opposite the right eye, thumb closed, 



SCHOOL OF THE SELECT KNIGHT. 1 5 

fingers and hand extended in prolongation of the forearm, 
elbow down. Second motion. Lower the hand briskly to 
the right until the points of the fingers are at the height of the 
shoulder and in front of it, elbow advanced, hand and fingers 
still extended in prolongation of the forearm. Third mo- 
tion. Drop the hand to the side. 

When in uniform, the proper salute should not be omitted t 
but the etiquette of Knightly courtesy strictly observed. 
This should be impressed upon the minds as other lessons 
are taught, by theory and practice. 

A junior officer or Knight addressing a senior salutes first, 
which is always acknowledged. If the senior officer ad- 
dresses a junior officer or Knight, the inferior in rank makes 
the first salute. 

If the sword is in the scabbard, the salute is with the hand. 
1. Right (or left). 2. Face. 

At the command face, raise the right foot slightly, face to 
the right, turning on the left heel, the left toe slightly raised ; 
replace the right heel by the side of the left and on the same 
line. 

The facings to the left are executed on the same heel as 
the facings to the right. 

1. Sir Knights. 2. About. 3. Face. 

At the command about, turn on the left heel, bring the left 
toe to the front, carry the right foot to the rear, the hollow 
opposite to, and three inches from, the left heel, the feet 
square to each other. At the command face, raise the toes 
a little, turn on both heels, and face to the rear. When the 
face is nearly completed, raise the right foot and replace it 
by the side of the left. 

1. Parade. 2. Rest. 

This gives rest, imposing both steadiness and attention. 

At the command rest, carry the right foot three inches 
directly to the rear, the left knee slightly bent; clasp the 



l6 SCHOOL OF THE SELECT KNIGHT. 

hands in front of the center of the body, the left hand upper- 
most, the left thumb clasped by the thumb and forefinger of 
the right hand. 

i. Sir Knights. 2. Attention. 
Resume the position of a Knight in line. 

THE STEPS. 

The length of the direct step in common and quick time is 
twenty -eight inches, measured from heel to heel. 

The cadence for common time is ninety steps per minute; 
for quick time, one hundred and ten steps per minute. 

The length of the double step is thirty-three inches; the 
cadence is one hundred and sixty -five steps per minute. 

The side step is six inches. 

The backward step and short step are each fourteen inches, 
measured from heel to heel. 

All steps are executed in quick time unless otherwise 
specified. 

Except in the double step, swinging of the hands or arms 
should be carefully avoided. 

I. Balance step. 2. Left (or right) foot. 3. Forward. 
4. Rear. 5. Halt. 

The principles of the direct step are taught thus : 

Require the body, shoulders, arms, and hands of the 
Knights to be kept m. position. ( Vide page 12). 

At the command forward, bend the left knee slightly and 
carry the left foot, without jerk, about fourteen inches to the 
front, straightening the knee as the foot is brought forward, 
the toe turned out and slightly depressed, the sole of the foot 
about three inches from the ground, the body balanced firmly 
on the right foot and inclined slightly forward. 

At the command rear, carry the left foot, without jerk, to 
the rear, the knee slightly bent, the toe on a line with the 
heel and inclining slightly downward. 



SCHOOL OF THE SELECT KNIGHT. 17 

At the command halt, plant the foot by the side of the 
other. Now exercise with the other foot. 

1. Balance step. 2. Left foot. 3. Forward. 
4. Ground. 5. Halt. 

At forward, advance the left foot as before. 

At the command ground, plant it without shock, the foot 
advancing as the weight of the body is brought forward, the 
left heel twenty -eight inches from the right; the right foot is 
then advanced to the position of forward without command, 
and similarly planted at the command ground. 

At the command halt, the foot in advance is planted, and 
the one in rear brought to its side. 

Commence at a very slow cadence, afterward increase it 
gradually to common time. 

When this is well understood, command: 

1. Forzvard. 2. Common time, 3. March. 
At the command forward, throw the weight of the body 
upon the right leg, without bending the knees. 

At the command inarch, move the left foot smartly, but 
without jerk, twenty-eight inches straight forward, observing 
carefully the principles explained in the balance steps; do not 
cross the legs or strike one against the other; eyes to the 
front. 

Indicate the cadence by counting one, two, etc. 

1. Sir Knights. 2. Halt. 
At the command halt, given when either foot is being 
brought to the ground, bring the foot in rear to its side 
and plant it without shock. 

1. Forward. 2. March. 

Is the command to march in quick time from a halt, always 
stepping off with the left foot first. 

The change to any other cadence is indicated by naming the 
time before the command march, thus: 1. Common time. 2. 



iS SCHOOL OF THE SELECT KNIGHT. 

March; or i. Double time. 2. March; or if at a halt the 
same commands preceded by fortvard, thus: 1. Forward. 
2. Common time. 3. March, stepping of with the left foot 
as before. 

1. Short Step. 2. March. 

Being in march; at the second command the length of the 
step is reduced to fourteen inches without changing the 
cadence; at the command, 1. Forzvard. 2. March, the 
full step is resumed. 

1. Mark time, 2. March. 

Being in march; at the second command, given when either 
foot is coming to the ground, continue the cadence and make 
a semblance of marching, without gaining ground, by alter- 
nately advancing each foot about half its length, the sole 
parallel with the ground, and bringing it back on a line with 
the other. 

To resume the direct step, the command is : 1 . Forward. 
2. March. 

1. Change step. 2. March. 

At the second command, given the instant either foot 
strikes the ground, the other foot is advanced and planted; 
bring the hollow of the foot that is in rear against the 
heel of the foot in front, and step off promptly with the foot 
that is in front, carefully keeping up the cadence. 

1. Backward. 2. March. 

Being at a halt, at the second command: Step off with 
the left foot fourteen inches straight to the rear, measured 
from heel to heel. At the command, 1. Sir Kfiights. 
2. Halt, plant the foot that is in rear and bring the other 
to its side. 

1. To the rear. 2. March. 

Being in march ; at the second command, given as the 
right foot strikes the ground, advance the left foot to the full 
step distance and plant it; face to the rear, turning to the 



SCHOOL OF THE SELECT KNIGHT. 19 

right on the balls of both feet, and immediately step off with 
the left foot. 

1. Right (or left) side step. 2. March. 

At the second command carry the right foot six inches to 
the right, keeping the knees straight, shoulders square to the 
front, heels on the same line; plant the right foot and bring 
the left to its side and so continue, observing the cadence, 
until halted. 

1. Double step. 2. March. 

At the first command raise the hands, fingers closed, nails 
toward the body, left forearm horizontal, elbows to the rear. 

At the command march, raise the left leg to the front, 
bending and elevating the knee as much as possible, that part 
of the leg between the knee and instep vertical, the toe de- 
pressed; replace the foot in its former position and execute 
the same movement with the right leg. 

The cadence, one hundred and sixty-five steps per minute, 
is indicated by the instructor who counts one, two, as the 
feet are successively brought to the ground, commencing in 
common time and gradually increasing to double time. At 
the command, 1. Sir Knights. 2. Halt, bring back the foot 
that is raised to the side of the other, and resume the posi- 
tion of a Knight in ranks. 

1. Forward. 2. Double time. 3. March. 

At the first command throw the weight of the body on 
the right leg; at the second command raise the hands and 
arms as before explained; at the command march, carry for- 
ward the left foot, the leg slightly bent, knee somewhat 
raised, and plant the foot, toe first, thirty-three inches from 
the right, and so with the right foot, allowing a natural 
swinging motion of the arms. 

Breathe as much as possible through the nose. 

To halt, the command is: 1. Sir Knights. 2. Halt. 

To pass to quick time, the command is: 1. Quick time 



20 SCHOOL OF THE SELECT KNIGHT. 

2. March. At the command march, plant the foot that is 
coming to the ground, drop the hands to the side, advance 
the other foot in quick time and plant it twenty-eight inches 
from the one in rear, resuming or taking up the march in 
quick time. 

i. By file. 2. Right (or left), 3. Dress. 4. Front. 

Place two Knights abreast, two or more yards in advance, 
to establish the line; at the command dress, the others move 
up, successively, in quick time, until about six inches behind 
the alignment; each then moves on the line, which should 
never be passed, taking steps of two or three inches, casting 
the eyes to the right as before explained, keeping the shoulders 
square to the front, and, without opening his arms, touches 
with his elbow the Knight on his right. 

At the command front the habitual position is promptly 
resumed without jerk. 

1. Right (or left). 2. Dress. 3. Front. 

At the command dress, the entire rank, except the Knight 
established as a basis, moves forward and dresses up to the 
line as before explained. The instructor verifies the align- 
ment by placing himself about two yards from the right flank 
facing to the left, orders forward or backward such files as may 
be in the rear or advance of the line, and commands front. 

The whole movement should be promptly executed, and no 
delays be made in alignments. 

1. Right (or left) backward. 2. Dress. 3. Front. 

March backward and together until six inches in rear of 
the line, then dress up, by short steps, as explained. 

1. Forward, 2. Guide right (or left). 3. March. 

At the third command, step off smartly with the left foot, 
the guide marching straight to the front. To do this he 
must take points in advance perpendicular to the line, and with 
the greatest care, observe the length and cadence of the steps. 

The instructor observes that the Knights touch lightly the 
elbow toward the side of the guide; that they do not open 



SCHOOL OF THE SELECT KNIGHT. 21 

out either arm; that they yield to pressure coming from the- 
side of the guide and resist pressure coming from the oppo- 
site direction ; that by shortening or lengthening the steps they 
gradually recover the alignment and touch of elbow if lost; 
and that they keep the head and shoulders square to the 
front; that the guide takes the full step and cadence; that the 
principles of the step as before explained are carefully ob- 
served, in the most minute detail, and that the hands and 
arms are kept in their proper position, easy and all alike, but 
without oscillation, 
i. Right (or left). 2. Face. 3. Forward. 4. March. 

Being at a halt; face to the right and march as before. 
1. By the right (or left ) flank. 2. March. 

Being in march; the command march is given as the 
right foot strikes the ground; advance and plant the left foot 
at full distance, then turn to the right and step off in the new 
direction with the right foot. To march by the left fa?ik y 
apply the general rule, page 11. 

In marching in column of files, the Knights cover each 
other; keep closed to facing distance, and avoid spreading the 
feet and legs apart. Observe that this movement is similar 
to right (or left) face, except that it is executed in march. 

It is habitually executed in quick time; but if necessary to 
march in double time, the distance is increased to 21 inches. 

1. Column right (or left). 2. March. 

Being in march; at the command march, the leading file 
turns half to the right — that is, at an angle of forty -five degrees- 
— advances one step, and again turning half right, continues 
the march at right angles with the original direction; thus 
by two steps describing the arc of a small circle. The other 
files keep closed up to proper distance and follow in his trace. 

1. Column half right {ox left). 2. March. 
Is similarly executed. 

1. Forward. 2. Column right (or left). 3. March. 



22 SCHOOL OF THE SELECT KNIGHT. 

Or, I. Forward. 2. Column half right (or left). 
3. March. 
Puts a column of files in motion and changes its direction. 

1. Sir Knights. 2. Halt. 
Is the command to halt a column of files; and 
1. Left (or right). 2. Face. 
To face it into line. 

1. By the left (or right) flank. 2. March. 

3. Guide left (or right). 

Is given when marching in column of files to march in line; 

or, when marching in line, to march in column of files. In 

the latter case, omit the third command. 

1. Right (or left) oblique. 2. March. 

Being in line marching; at the second command each 
Knight makes a half face to the right and marches straight 
in the new direction. As they no longer touch elbows, they 
glance along the shoulders of the nearest files toward the side 
of the guide, being that to which they are obliqueing, and reg- 
ulate their steps so that their shoulders are always behind 
those of the next Knight on that side, and that his head con- 
ceals the heads of the others in the rank. The same length 
of step and same degree of obliquity is preserved, the line of 
the rank remaining parallel to its original position. Keep 
the head straight in the direction of the march. 

This being a half flank, it is better to give the second com- 
mand as the right foot strikes the ground, and execute the 
movement in a manner similar to the right (or left) fla7ik, 
but it is not deemed absolutely essential. 

To resume the originial direction, command, 1. Forward. 
2. March. The guide is then on the side where it was pre- 
vious to obliqueing. 

If at a halt, the Knights half face to the right at the first 
command and step off at the command march. 

If halted while obliqueing, they will halt, pause one cadence 
•of a minute, and face to the front without further command. 



SCHOOL OF THE SELECT KNIGHT. 23, 

The guide is always on the side toward which the oblique 
is made; on resuming the direct march, the guide is on the 
side where it was previous to the oblique, without any indi- 
cation to that effect being given. 

In column of files, oblique by the same commands and 
means as when in line, the leading file being the guide. 
WHEELINGS 

Are of two kinds: on fixed, and on movable pivots. 

These are important movements, and each Knight should 
be required successively to act as pivot, and to conduct the 
marching flank. The wheeling should also be repeated in 
double time as soon as the squad is able to execute them prop- 
erly in quick time. 

The fixed pivot— from a halt. 

1. In Circle, right {ox left) wheel. 2. March. 

At the command march, all except the pivot, step off with 
the left foot, at the same time turning the heads a little to the 
left, the eyes fixed on the eyes of the Knights to the left; the 
pivot Knight marks time in his place, gradually turning hi& 
body to conform to the movement of the marching flank. 
The one who conducts the marching flank takes steps of 
twenty -eight inches, and from the first step advances the left 
shoulder a little, casts his eyes along the rank, and feels 
lightly the elbow of the next one toward the pivot, but never 
pushes him. Each of the others lengthen their step in pro- 
portion to the distance from the pivot, touches with the elbow 
toward it and resists pressure from the opposite side, con- 
forms to the movement of the marching flank, and maintains 
the alignment. After wheeling around the circle several 
times command, i. Sir Knights. 2. Halt, when all stop 
and no one stirs. Now point out the defects and mistakes, 
then command, 1. Left. 2. Dress. 3. Front. 

1. Right (or left) wheel. 2. March. 3. Sir Knights. 

4. Halt. 5. Left (or right). 6. Dress. 7. Front. 

Being at a halt; the squad wheels as before on a fixed pivot. 



24 SCHOOL OF THE SELECT KNIGHT. 

At the fourth command, given when the squad is nearly at 
right angles with its original position, the line is halted. 
After pointing out the defects, the instructor immediately 
dresses the line up to the perpendicular by the fifth and 
sixth commands; when done, he commands front. 
To wheel the squad, and move it forward, command: 

i. Right (or left) wheel. 2. March. 3. Forward. 
4. March. 5. Guide left (or right). 

The third command is given in time to add march the 
instant the wheel (one-fourth of a circle) is completed,when 
they march in the new direction, taking the guide as indicated. 

1. Right (or left) about. 2. March. 3. Sir Knights. 

4. Halt. 5. Left (or right.) 6. Dress. 7. Front. 

Or, 3^ Forward. 4. March. 5. Guide left {or right). 

This wheels the squad in a half circle to the right; when 

completed the squad is halted or moved forward, as explained 

before. 

Wheeling- on a movable pivot. 

The wheelings are made by the same commands and means 
as on a fixed pivot, except that the pivot takes steps of nine 
anches and thus gains ground forward, describing a small 
curve so as to clear the wheeling point. The curve is in- 
creased in size proportionately with the size of the squad or 
subdivision, and is equal to about one-half of the front of the 
squad or subdivision. 

The command forward is given in time to add march the in- 
stant the wheel (one-fourth of a circle) is completed, at which 
all retake the twenty -eight inch step, turn their heads square to 
the front and march straight forward. The squad may be 
halted by the same commands and means as before explained. 

In wheeling on a movable pivot in double time, the pivot 
takes steps of eleven inches, and the curve is augmented. 

During the wheel the guide is upon the marching flank, 
and upon completion of the wheel is upon the same flank 
that it was before the wheel was commenced, without any 
indication to that effect. 



SCHOOL OF THE SELECT KNIGHT. 25 

i. Left (or right) turn. 2. March. 

Being in march; the first command is given when the rank 
is three yards from the turning point. 

At the command march, pronounced the instant the rank 
is to turn, the Knighton the left, who becomes the guide, faces • 
to the left in marching (that is, executes by the left flank in 
his own person), and moves forward in the new direction with- 
out changing the cadence or length of the step. The others 
advance the shoulders opposite the guide, take the double time, 
and advance in the new direction till they come sucessivelv 
on the alignment, then retake the step and cadence from the 
guide and dress toward him. 

In turning in double time, those on the side opposite the 
guide increase the gait in order to come into line. 

While this movement should be well learned, the wheel will 
in nearly all cases effect the desired change of direction. 
DOUBLE RANK. 

The movements should now be repeated, the Knights being 
in double rank. 

The distance between the ranks \s facing distance; but on 
rough ground, or when marching in double time, it is increased 
to twenty-one inches. Upon halting the rear rank closes, up 
to facing distance. 

In marching in column of files, each rear rank Knight 
dresses upon his front rank frater, who is the guide of the file. 

In changing direction in column of files, each file wheels on 
a movable pivot. 

In obliqueing each rear rank Knight follows the one next on 
the rank right or left of his front rank frater. 

Small legions or less than forty-eight in line, ought not or- 
dinarily to march in double ranks.* 

If there is but one Knight in the rear rank of the three on 
the left of the line, he covers number one of the front rank; if 
there are but two in the rear rank of the left three, they cove** 
numbers one and three of the front rank. 
*A recommendation onlv. 



JV[anuaI ol| tlje ^wnijil. 



Re?narks. The rate of swiftness, or time occupied in the 
execution of each motion, is one-ninetieth of a minute. But 
in march the cadence of motion is changed to conform to the 
time indicated by the left foot. 

If the sword is grasped too near the guards, or cross, the 
sword manual is rendered difficult and awkward. Ease and 
grace of movement in handling the sword can only be ac- 
quired by practice, therefore, when the principles and mo- 
tions are understood, the Knights should frequently practice 
the manual by themselves. This rule applies as well to the 
steps, cadence and facings as to the manual. 

Avoid the common error of bowing when executing the 
manual; habitually maintain the erect position. 

In double step, being at a carry, at the command double 
time, carry the sword straight to the front, the blade vertical, 
the hand firmly grasping the hilt, the right forearm horizon- 
tal, elbow close to the body; if the sword is at a right shoul- 
der or fort, it may so remain, but resume the carry after 
halting, without command, observing the cadence of the step, 
that is, halt, pause one cadence of the step, then carry swords. 
When part of the leigon executes double time, all execute 
the manual as if all increased the cadence ; on resuming 
quick time they carry swords if so instructed. 

In marching, habitually steady the scabbard with the left 
hadn, fingers next to the leg, thumb to the front. 

It is better not to draw swords until ranks are formed and 
to return swords before the command break ranks. 

Substitute Legions or Battalion for Sir Knights when 
appropriate. 

Correctness in detail is of the first importance, therefore 
each motion should be explained and executed separately, 
26 



MANUAL OF THE SWORD. 



27 



without especial regard to the cadence, until the details are 
understood. To this end (for example) command; 1. By 
the numbers. 2. Stvords. 3. Port. 4. Two. At the third 
command the first motion of the movement is executed. The 
instructor corrects the errors, commands Two, and the sec- 
ond motion is executed. The rapidity is gradually increased 
until the cadence is acquired. When the command by the 
numbers is given, it is not repeated, but every succeeding 
command in the manual is executed with the numbers until 
the command without the numbers is given, or some foot 
movement intervenes. 

The manual should be learned first by the numbers, then 
alternate with and without the numbers, in order to attain 
the proper cadence and to become proficient in the mechanism. 

1. Draw. 2. Swords. 
First motion. At the command swords, seize the scabbard 
near the top, press it against the thigh with the 
left and grasp the handle with the right hand, at 
the same time bring the hilt a little forward, and 
draw the sword until the right forearm is hori- 
zontal. 

Second motion. Draw the sword quickly, rais- 
ing the arm to its full extent, at an angle of 
forty-five degrees upward, in front. 

Third motion. Reverse the sword so as to> 
bring it to a present, q. v. p. 28. 

Fourth motion. Bring the sword-blade verti- 
cally back against the right shoulder, edge of the 
sword to the front, thumb and forefingers em- 
bracing the grip, the left side of the grip and the 
thumb against the thigh, arm nearly extended, the other fin- 
gers extended and joined in rear of the grip, elbow near the 
body; drop the left hand to the side. 
This is the position of carry swords. 
If in txvo ranks, the rear rank takes two backward steps 




Draw. 



128 



MANUAL OF THE SWORD. 




Carry. 



at the command draw, and after executing 
the fourth motion, pauses one- ninetieth of a 
minute and steps back to its position. 

i. Present. 2. Swords. 

Being at a carry, at the second command 
bring the sword vertically to the front, raising 
the hand so that the top of the cross hilt is on 
a line with the lower part of the chin, and 
about six inches from it, back of the hand to 
the front, the right forearm resting along the 
side and breast, elbow close to the body, helmet 
of the sword nearly against the breast, the 
thumb on the back of the grip to the right, the 
blade inclined to the front at an angle of about 
sixty -five degrees upward, 

For officers. At the command present, carry the sword 
to the position just indicated. At the command swords, drop 
the point of the sword near the ground and on a line with the 
right foot, extending the arm so 
that the right hand may be brought 
near to the right thigh, back of the 
hand to the rear, arm extended, flat 
of the blade to the front. (This 
applies to the Commander, Vice 
and Lieut. Commanders and their 
superiors only.) It is sometimes 
I referred to as a salute, or officers 
' present, to distinguish it from pre- 
sent of those who are not officers. 

For the standard. (The stand- 
ard bearer habitually carries the heel 
of the staff supported at the right 
hip, the right hand grasping the 
Present. staff at the height of the shoulder.) Present. 





MANUAL OF THE SWORD. 



2 9 




At the command present, slip the right hand along the staff to 
the height of the eye; at the command 
swords, lower the staff by straightening the 
arm to its full extent, the heel of the staff 
remaining at the hip. At carry swords, 
bring back the standard to its habitual place. 
Salutes in inarch by officers and stand- 
ards are commenced when six yards from 
the person to be saluted, and cease when six 
yards past. In saluting, officers turn their 
heads and look toward the person being sa- 
luted simultaneous with the second motion. 
Knights in the ranks do not salute, but re- 
tain the carry when in march. 
Desiring to cause all to 
Salute. present swords as officers, the 

command is: 

1. Officers present. 2. Swords. 
Which is executed at the second command, 
as before explained. 

1. Carry. 2. Swords. 
From present. At the second command 
bring the sword back to the position of carry 
sivords. 

Avoid carrying the hand to the front and 

point of the sword to the rear of the shoulder. 

1. Support. 2. Swords. 

First motion. Bring the sword vertically 

to the front of the center of the body, the 

cross nearly as high as the breast, and six inches from it. 

Second motion. Carry the sword to the left side, guards 
opposite the hollow of the elbow, bring the left hand up 
and grasp the right elbow, thumb over and resting on the 
right forearm, the cross (guard) resting on the left arm near 
the elbow, left forearm over the right, blade perpendicular. 




Support. 



3° 



MANUAL OF THE SWORD. 



First motion. 




i. Carry. 2. Swords. 
Seize the blade, without deranging its position, 
with the thumb and forefingers of the left hand, 
left elbow close to the body, as a pivot. 

Second motion. Carry the sword vertically 
with both hands to its place at carry, fingers 
extended and joined, pressing the sword gently 
against the hollow of the shoulder, back of 
the hand to the front and at the height of the 
shoulder, elbow near the body. 

Third motion. Drop the left hand to the side. 

i. Swords. 2. Port. 
First motion. Seize the blade at the shoulder 
with the left hand. Second motion. Bring the 
sword diagonally across the front of the body, 
Swords Port. fl a t of the blade to the front and resting in the 
left hand at the height of the breast, thumb extended in rear 
along the blade toward the point, the right hand grasping 
the hilt and nearly in front of the right hip, edge of the 
sword down. 

i. Carry. 2. Swords. 
First motion. Bring back the sword with 
both hands, the left hand as high as the right 
arm-pit, pressing the blade to its place, fingers 
extended at the height of the shoulder, elbow 
near the body, back of hand to the front. 
Second motion. Drop the left hand to the side. 

i. Order. 2. Swords. 
Drop the sword-point tcthe ground, about an 
inch from the point of the right toe and on line 
with the toes; sword vertical, the right hand 
resting on the helmet, back of the hand up, 
first three fingers in front touching the grip, the 
thumb and little finger partially embracing it. Order. 




MANUAL OF THE SWORD. 



3* 




i. Carry. 2. Swords. 
Bring the sword back to its position in carry. 

1. With szvord. 2. Charge. 
Execute the first motion of about face 
{vide page 15), except that the right 
heel is in rear of the left; bend the It ft 
knee a little, inclining the body forward, 
the weight principally on the left foot, 
at the same time drop the point of the 
sword forward to the height of the belt, 
the right hand firmly grasping the han- 
dle, thumb against the hip. (This can 
also be executed in march, the shoulders 
being kept square to the front.) 

1. Carry. 2. Swords. 
Charge. 

Face to the front, resuming the position of carry swords, 
1. Right shoulder. 2. Swords. 

Bring the flat of the sword upon the right shoulder, guard 
as high as the arm-pit, thumb nearly touching the side of the 
right breast, point of the sword up to the left 
and rear so as to clear the chapeau. 

1. Carry. 2. Swords. 
Resume that position. 

1. Support. 2. Swords. 
The sword being at a right shoulder. First 
motion. Lower the sword and bring it to the 
center of the body, to the position of the first 
motion of support swords from a carry. 

Second motion. Carry it to the left side as 
before explained. ( Vide page 29.) 
1. Carry. Swords. 
( Vide explanation, p. 30, after support 
szvords. ) Right Shoulder, 




3 2 



MANUAL OF THE SWORD. 



First motion. 




Rear rest Swords. 
First motion. 



i. Rear rest. 2. Swords. 
Execute the right shoulder swords, as ex- 
plained. 

Second motion. Drop the sword -point to 
the left and rear and let the blade rest across 
the shoulders in rear of the neck, at the same 
time raise the left hand, palm to the front, 
and grasp the blade near the shoulder with 
thefingers and thumb, holding the grip in like 
manner with the fingers and thumb of the 
right hand, elbows close to the body. Care 
should be taken not to derange the position 
of the head and shoulders in executing this 
movement. 

i. Carry. 2. Swords. 
Drop the left hand to the side and come to 

the position of right shoulder swords. 
Second motion. Resume the carry. 

i. Reverse. 2. Swords. 
First motion. Raise and carry the sword 

vertically to the front, the elbow advanced 

and forming an obtuse angle. 

Second motion. Bring the point down to 

the front and rear, turning the sword by a 

wrist movement completely around, so that 

the edge will be down and the blade inclined 

to the rear forty -five degrees downward; 

at the same time carry the left forearm hori- 
zontally behind the back, the left hand, palm 

out, clasping the blade; support the sword 

with the elbow against the right side, assisted 

by the left hand in rear, holding the grip with 

the thumb and forefinger of the right hand, 

the other fingers successively more curved, the 

guards (cross) nearly against the shoulder, ist motion, Reverse. 




MANUAL OF THE SWORD. 



33 




i. Carry. 2. Swords. 

First motion. Retake the first position of 
reverse by inverse means. 

Second motion. Resume the carry. 
1. Svjord-arm. 2. Rest. 

Bring the right hand in front of the body, arm 
extended, blade resting along the right forearm 
and diagonally across the body; embrace the 
back of the right hand with the 
fingers and palm of the left. Re- 
sume the carry at the command. 

1. Parade. 2. Rest. 

First motion. Carry the right 
Reverse. foot three inches to the rear, the 
left knee slightly bent, resting the weight of the 
body principally on the right foot. Second 
motion. Drop the sword -point to the ground, 
to the right and on a line with the great toe of 
the left foot, parallel to the front; the sword 
vertical, in front of the center of the body; fin- 
gers and thumb holding the hel- Sword-arm Best. 
met, which rests in the palm of the right hand, 
back of the hand up, embraced and covered by 
the left hand. 

Being at parade rest: 1. Rest on. 2. Swords. 
Incline the head to the front. At the command 
Sir Knight, raise the head. (See page 35.) 
1. Sir Knights (or Legion). 2. Attention. 
3. Carry. 4. Swords. 
At the second command bring the right foot 
to the side of the left, body erect, in position; 
drop the left hand to the side, the right hand 
hanging naturally at the side and holding the grip, 
Parade Rest, sword-blade inclining across and in front of right 





34 



MANUAL OF THE SWORD. 



At the fourth command 



March. 




leg, the sword-point undisturbed, 
bring the sword to a carry. 

i. From right open files. 2. 
At the first command, all, except the 
Knight on the right, who stands at a 
carry, turn the head and drop the sword - 
point to the right, hand at right breast, 
sword horizontal. At the command 
march, they take the left side-step, all 
stepping together, until each in succes- 
sion has gained such interval that the 
sword-point will touch the left arm of 
the Knight on the right, observing that 
the alignment is preserved; as each gains 
this interval, he turns the head to the 
front and resumes the carry. From right open files. 

i. Front left open files. 2. March. 
Is similarly executed, except that the right hand is at the 
breast, guards in front of the left arm, the sword horizontal 
to the left in prolongation of the right forearm. 

i. Right (or left). 2. Face. 3. Close 
files. 4. March. 
At the fourth command the Knight 
in front faces to the left; the others 
close up in quick time and successive- 
ly face to the left, dress to the right, 
and immediately turn the head to 
the front. 

1. Cross. 2. Swords. 
The lines being fully two yards 
apart and facing each other. 

First motion. Bring the sword to 
Left open files. a present. Second motion. Plant 

the right foot sixteen inches straight to the front, right knee 
slightly bent, at same time raising right hand, arm extended 




MANUAL OF THE SWORD. 



35 




wrist as high as the 
head, sword in pro- 
longation of the 
arm, thumb extend- 
ed along the left of 
the grip, back of 
sword up; cross the 
swords six inches 
from their points 
with the Knight op- 
posite, at the same 
instant plant the foot 
with very light 
shock. 



i Carry. 2 Swords. 

Ci'oss Swords. 

First motion. Bring back the foot to its former place and 
the sword to a present. Second motion. Resume the carry, 
i. Sir Knights. 2. Kneel. 

Being at parade rest. 

First motion. Carry the right foot about twenty -eight 
inches to the rear. 

Second motion. Kneel on the right knee so that its front 
and rear of the left heel will be on a 
line parallel with the front; head erect. 

i. Rest on. 2. Swords. 

Incline the head to the front. 

i. Sir Knights. 2. Rise. 

At the first command, raise the head. 
At the second command, rise. Second 
motion. Bring the right foot near to 
the left, resuming the position of pa- 
rade rest. Kneeling, rest on. 




36 



MANUAL OF THE SWORD. 



3. Carry. 4. Swords. 




1. Sir Knights. 2. Attention. 
Resume that position. 

1. Sir Knights. 2. Return. 3. Swords. 
At the command return, sieze the scabbard 
with the left hand, near the top, inclining it a little 
(forward, and bring the sword about six inches in 
/front of the left shoulder, blade vertical, lower 
part of the hand at the height of the chin. Sec- 
ond motion. Lower the blade across and along 
the left arm, the point to the rear; turn the head 
slightly to the left, fixing the eyes on the opening 
of the scabbard, and insert the blade, assisted by 
the thumb and forefinger of the left hand, until 
the right forearm is horizontal. At the command 
Return. szvords, return the blade, turn the head to the front 
and drop the hands to the sides. (The second motion should 
occupy the time of three motions.) If in two ranks, at the 
command return, the rear rank takes two backward steps, 
and resumes its place, after the execution of the command 
stuords. 

1. Secure. 2. Swords. 

The sword being in the scabbard. 

First motion. At the command swords, 
seize the scabbard with the left hand, palm 
front, thumb to the left, arm extended. Sec- 
ond motion. Raise the sword (in the scabbard), 
bring the left hand in front and nearly as high 
as the belt and a little to the left of the buckle, 
the sword (in the scabbard), resting along the 
left forearm, back of the hand down, the cross 
at the hollow of the elbow. 

1. Drop. 2. Swords. 
Lower the sword (in the scabbard) to its 
Place. Secure. 




MANUAL OF THE SWORD. 



37 



i. Inspection* 2. Swords. 
First motion. Come to a present. 

Second motion. Turn the wrist outward to show the other 
side of the blade, pause slightly, and turn the wrist back. 

Third motion. Resume the carry. 
[Executed successively as inspector approaches.] 
For the Chapeau or Cap. 
1. Sir Knights. 2. Ux-cover.* 
First motion. Take the chapeau (or cap) by 
the front piece with the left hand. Second 
motion. Raise the chapeau and place it on the 
right shoulder, slightly inclined to the front, 
holding it in that position with the left hand. 

1. Sir Knights. 2. Re-cover.* 

First motio?i. Replace the chapeau (or cap) 
on the head. 

Second motion. Drop the hand to the side. 

Never execute the u?icover unless the swords 
are sheathed, at an order, or (with the right 
hand) when at a secure. 

To uncover and present at the same time is unmilitary 
and aivhzvard. 
The uncover may be executed by signals, thus: 

First motion. Extend the left hand in front of the breast, 
palm up, fingers extended and joined. Second motion. Exe- 
cute the first motion of uncover. Third motion. Execute 
the second motion of uncover. 

To recover by signals. First motion. Slowly raise the 
chapeau from the shoulder and place it on the head. Sec- 
ond motion. Drop the hand to the side. 




Uncover. 



*"D\vell slightly on the first syllable. 



3§ 



MANUAL OF THE SWORD. 



THE SILENT MANUAL. 

When the foregoing has been well learned it may be exe • 
cuted, being at "open order" {vide School of the Legion) at 
the commands: 

i. Continue the manual. 2. Present. 3. Swords. 
At the command swords, the manual is executed in the fol- 
lowing order, without pause, except that the regular cadence 
of motion is preserved throughout. 
Present, swords. 
Officers present, swords. 
Support, swords. 
Swords, port. 
Ordei, swords. 
With swords, charge. 
Right shoulder, swords. 
Right shoulder, swords. 
Support, swords. 
Rear rest, swords. 
Reverse, swords. 
Sword-arm, rest. 

Front rank, about, face. The rear rank files (by one 
side-step about eighteen inches to the right, if it be 
single rank open order) cover the files in the front rank 
simultaneously with their about face. 
Cross, swords. 26. Carry, swords. 

Front rank, about, face. Rear rank recovers intervals, 
by a side step to the left, at same instant with the 
about face of the front rank. 
Parade rest. 

3°- 
3 2 - 
34- 
36. 
38. 
40. 



25- 
27- 



28. 
29. 
3 1 - 
33- 
35- 
37- 

39- 
41. 



2. 


Can 


7i 


swords. 


4- 






<< 


6. 






(t 


8. 






u 


10. 






u 


12. 






u 


H. 






a 


17. 






u 


16, 






it 


21. 






tt 


2 3- 






« 



Sir Knights, kneel, 
Sir Knights, rise. 
Carry, swords. 
Secure, swords. 
Sir Knights, un-cover 
Right hand, salute. 
DraWj swords. 



Rest on, swords. 

Sir Knights, attention. 

Return, swords. 

Drop, swords. 

Sir Knights, re-cover. 

Lett hand, salute. 

Parade, rest. 



MANUAL OF THE SWORD. 39 

The open files is omitted. 

The whole of the silent manual occupies eighty-ninetieths 
of a minute, including the command. 

Or So seconds if seconds be the cadence. A pause of one 
cadence may be made between each completed sword move- 
ment, if so instructed. 

The Vice and Lieut. Commanders stand at order szvords 
during silent manual, unless otherwise instructed. 
THE SALUTES. 

When addressed, face the Knight challenging the inferior 
in rank, then, if the swords are drawn, salutes with it; this is 
acknowledged, and both resume the carry simultaneously, or 
the junior may stand at a present while making a short report. 

If swords are not drawn, the inferior in rank gives the -first 
motion of the hand -salute, which is acknowleged in full; the 
inferior in rank executes the second and third motions, so that 
the hands of both Knights may be dropped to the side at the 
same instant. The sword is never drawn to acknowledge a 
salute already given. 

If the .'. C .'. is sitting, he salutes with the hand, although 
his sword may be drawn. He does not rise to acknowledge 
salutes of an inferior in rank, but inferiors when in the 
Lodge room or in uniform, if not engaged in some particular 
duties, arise when addressed by official superiors. 

In passing a Knight, salute with hand farthest from him, 
turn the head toward him, simultaneous with the second 
motion, looking the person saluted steadily in the face. 

An officer or Knight mounted, dismounts before address- 
ing official superiors not mounted. 



^D^nnl nij tfjE OpEEijs. 



Theory and practice should go hand in hand. Officers 
should be competent to take command in the absence of offi- 
cial superiors, and every one be able to command his sub- 
division with credit. A careless or ill-informed officer mav 
cause the best drilled legion to appear at great disadvantage 
or throw it into confusion. An indolent manner of giving 
commands is demoralizing in its tendency; hence subordi- 
nates should be practiced in squad or platoon drills as chiefs. 
that they may become familiar with their duties and ener- 
getic and prompt, requiring every Knight to be equally 
prompt and attentive. 

The idea that discipline cannot be maintained among 
Select Knights is sheer nonsense, yet the instructor need 
not forget that his men are gentlemen, who, out of ranks, 
are his peers. 

An officers squad should be organized, admitting as 
supernumeraries Knights who will take an interest in it and 
fill the places of absentees. Its members should be six or 
twelve besides the chief. Every member should be faithful 
and prompt in attendance, cheerfully obedient to orders, at- 
tentive and silent in ranks. 

The chief of the Select Knights, when in command, tempo- 
rarily or otherwise, must have absolute control. He indicates 
the lessons to be learned, commencing with the vocabulary, 
and proceeds regularly through without omitting anything. 
One of the most important requisites is promptness; therefore 
having announced the lesson and hour for meeting, the chief 
should himself be ready, and, before the clock ceases to strike, 
command: Fall in. He should always be prompt in time, 
40 



SCHOOL OF THE OFFICER, 4I 

prompt in giving and obeying orders, and prompt in the "eti- 
quette of Knightly courtesy." Promptly meet, promptly 
commence and promptly dismiss the squad. 

After the oral lesson the squad should be drilled in it well 
and thoroughly; or, better, as each motion is explained by 
a Knight, require its execution, until the principles are well 
understood. 

Take frequent rests of two or three minutes only, when 
discussion may be indulged in; but at the command attention 
conversation stops instanter. Discussion while under in- 
struction should not be permitted; then the chief's ipse dix- 
it is law final. 

Perfect discipline should be observed from the first. It 
is quite as proper to talk during the conference of the degrees 
as to talk during drill. 

The officers should alternate in exercising the squad in the 
drill, under supervision of the chief, whose criticisms should 
be for the benefit of all, not prosy but clear and pointed ex- 
planations, without circumlocution or unnecessary comment. 

The instructor ought never to require a movement to be 
made until he has fully explained it, and sees that no move- 
ment, however trivial it may appear, is performed carelessly 
or with undue haste He should practice the officers and 
guides, especially in estimating distances and in becoming- 
familiar with the bugle and sword signals. The assembly, for- 
ward, halt and threes right are particularly important when 
Select Knights assemble in large numbers. 

By giving each frequent opportunities to command, errors 
may be corrected, uniformity secured, ambition to excel stim- 
ulated, closer attention and study encouraged and the gen- 
eral interest increased. 

All commands to Knights, underarms, are given with the 
sword drawn. If for any purpose Select Knights or other 
orders or troops are together, officers execute the first motion 
of officers present at the command present, and the second 



42 SCHOOL OF THE OFFICER. 

motion at the command arms (or saber) and the Knights 
present swords. In like manner, at the command fours 
right (or left) march, Select Knights execute threes right 
(or left) march. At the command Platoons right -wheel, etc., 
Select Knights execute Divisions (or double sections) right 
-wheel, and so on. At the command, parade rest, the Lieut. 
Commanders and officers of higher rank (not giving the or- 
der) take that position; at the command attention, they carry 
swords. 

When marching in double time, officers who are in com- 
mand, so that their position is in front or a yard or more from 
the flank, bring their swords to the position oiport, steadying 
the scabbards with the left hand. 

About face for officers. At the command about, carry the 
toe of the right foot about eight inches to the rear and three 
inches to the left of the left heel, without deranging the di- 
rection of the left foot. At the command face, turn to the 
right, upon the left heel and right toe, face to the rear and 
replace the right heel by the side of the left. 

If so directed, officers omit the manual, except the present, 
order, parade rest, rest on szvords, and uncover 

THE BAND. 

The Drum-major faces the band and gives the signal to 
march. His position is two yards in front of the center of 
the band. 

The counter-march is executed by the file leaders to the 
right of the Drum-major, wheeling individudally about to the 
right, those to his left to the left; the other men of each file 
follow their file leaders. The Drum-major passes through 
the center. 

In executing rear open order, each rank of the band steps 
back three yards from the rank in its front, the front being 
on a line with the front rank of the legion and six yards from 
its right. 

Bands should be required to keep their proper distances and 



SCHOOL OF THE OFFICER. 43 

take the full twenty -eight inch step, also that they should be 
careful to keep the time with each other, when practicable; 
and, if near together, two should not play at the same time. 

At the command 7ia/t, the music ceases. 

Do not take it for granted that the band is familiar with the 
cadence in common and quick time, but test its accuracy by 
the watch and notice the length of its step. 



§>Eftocl ni[ tfye tieginn. 



Remarks. Thorough instruction in the elementary School 
of the Knight is absolutely essential to success in the move- 
ments of the legion, which depend upon the precision of the 
drill. This can only be attained by practice, the strictest 
attention of every Knight, and the intelligent assistance of 
the chiefs of subdivisions. One awkward Knight, or the 
swinging of a single hand, will wholly destroy the beauty 
of the line. 

In this work "file closers" have been dispensed with, and 
officers are assigned places that will utlize every available 
uniform in extending the lines, because many legions are 
small, and compartively few of their members are equipped; 
hence they can ill afford to scatter their numerical strength; 
and because the necessity for file closers does not appear in 
the movements of a Legion, as is claimed for the operations 
of belligerents, nor do they add to the symmetry of the for- 
mations for display. 

The Past Officers wearing shoulder-straps form on the 
right according to height, but have no other distinction. 

The Commander as instructor goes wherever his presence 
is necessary; in column his place is on the left of the Vice- 
Commander, or four yards to the left and abreast of the lead- 
ing subdivision; if the Legion be in line, his post is two yards 
in front of the center, or on the right flank at the right of the 
Vice-Commander. (See p. n.) 

The Vice- Commander in line is on the right flank; in column 
of divisions, as chief of the first division, he marches two 
yards in front of its center. He is also the right or left guide, 
44 



SCHOOL OF THE LEGION. 45 

according as in the maneuvers he finds himself on the right 
or left of the Legion. 

The Lieut. -Commander in line, is in like manner on the 
left flank as left guide. He is chief of the rear division 
when the right is in front, and of the leading division when 
the left is in front. 

It is the duty of the Vice, and Lieut. -Commanders to 
assist the Commander in maintaining order in the ranks, 
habitually preserving their own correct position, and, if neces- 
sary, they caution the Knightst in a low tone. 

The Senior Workman, Standard Bearer and Junior Work- 
man form as the Standard Guard. 

The Senior Workman is on the right, and the Junior 
Workman on the left, of the Standard Bearer. These three 
form the Standard Guard, whose place is in the front rank 
and as near the center of the Leigon as practicable. 

A Leigon is divided into two, and, if desirable, into three or 
four (nearly) equal parts; each part is called a division, the 
odd number of threes, being in the division on the left. It is 
better that there should be but two divisions, so designated 
when the Legion is formed. But for the purpose of placing 
the Standard in a center division, there may be three, or in 
order to equally divide the Legion into four parts, to form 
square, when double sections will not acomplish it, four divis- 
sion may be formed. In line of three ranks the front rank is 
the first division, the middle rank the second division, and 
the rear rank the third division. In column, the leading' 
vision is the first division, whether the right or the left is 
in front. 

The chief of a subdivision is the officer or Knight on its 
right, unless otherwise specially designated. 

The guide of a subdivision is generally the Knight on its 
left. Subdivisions are designated numerically from the right 
to left, when in line, and from the head of the column 
to the rear. The designation changes w^hen by facing, etc., 



46 SCHOOL OF THE LEGION. 

the left becomes the right; officers in command caution first 
division, etc., whenever the designation is changed. 

FORMATION OF A LEGION. 

At the sound of the assembly every Knight hastens to the 
place from which the sound came, promptness being the first 
most excellent quality for a well drilled Legion. 

The Vice-Commander commands: 

Fall in. 
and indicates the basis for the line by placing the tallest 
Knight upon it; he then places himself six yards in front of 
the center, facing it. 

The Knights form in column of files faced to right, gradua- 
ted in height from front to rear, tallest in front, swords at 
carry. (See p. 26.) 

HcOM. 
L. C. J.W. S. W. V. C. 

The Vice-Commander now commands: 
Forward, 2. Guide right {or left). 3. March. 
1. Left. 2. Face. 3. Count threes. 

The Knights on the right (front and rear rank) counts one, 
the next at his left says two, the next three, the next one, and 
so on to the left, without turning their heads, but counting in 
a firm, quick tone, Observing the cadence adds much to the 
appearance and effect. 

(The Vice-Commander in his own person may act as num- 
ber one in leading three in small Legions, and the Lieut- 
Commander may march with the left three if the number is 
wanting.) 

The Vice-Commander then commands: Ones count, 
when nnmbers one of each three sucessively turn their heads 
to the left, at the same time count one, two, etc., from right 
to left, and immediately turn the head to the front. The 
odd threes are the right and the even threes the left of sec- 



SCHOOL OF THE LEGION. 4f 

tions. He then indicates the right and left of divisions, leave- 
ing the odd three in the left division, and commands: 

i. Second Division. 2. Left side step. 3. March. 
4. Division. 5. Halt. 
The fifth command is given when the division has gained 
an interval of two yards. 

In the meantime, the Standard Guard (with the standard) 
forms six yards from the left, perpendicular to the line, and 
in inverse order; that is, the Recorder is on the left and the 
Treasurer on the right of the Standard Bearer. 
The Vice-Commander now commands. 

1. Standard Guard. 2. Post. 3. Present. 4. Swords. 
The Ww^l presents and guard marches, under direction of the 
Sen. Work, standard saluting, between the Legion and Vice- 
Commander, opposite to its place, wheels to the right, marches 
through the opening between the divisions and halts, comes 
to an about face, and the Vice-Commander immediately com- 
mands: 

1. Carry. 2. Swords. 3. Right. 4. Dress. 5. Front. 
6. Present. 7. Swords. 

This is acknowledged by the Commander, who raises 
his chapeau, he having taken position three yards in rear of 
the Vice-Commander and facing the Legion. He stands with 
arms folded until just before the command to present. 

The Vice-Commander comes to an about face, salutes with 
the sword, and says:, 

Sir, the Legion is for?ned. 

The salute is acknowledged with the hand, and the Com- 
mander orders: 

Take your post, Sir Knight. 

The Vice-Commander faces about, marches to within one 
yard of the line, turns to the left, and, when opposite his 
place, turns to the right and halts in rear of it, faces about 
and dresses on the line. 



48 SCHOOL OF THE LEGION. 

When he faces the Legion to the left into line (if so in- 
structed) he brings it to support swords and calls the roll, 
each Knight answers Here when his name is called, and 
brings his sword to a carry then to an order. 

This is the formal ceremony, but the Commander may, in 
emergencies, order the Legions to fall in, left face, count 
threes, ones count, and designate the division only. 
To Form in two Ranks. 

The Knights fall in as explained; the commander orders: 
1, In two ranks form Legion. 2. March. 

At the second command the Vice-Commander and the 
Knight on the right face to the left (front). The second 
Knight places himself in rear, covering the first one, the 
others close in quick time, form alternately in the front and 
rear rank, and each faces to the front upon arriving in his 
proper place; then count threes as before explained. Or, 
the Knights may fall in, if so instructed, in two ranks, faced 
to the right, and the formation is completed as before. 
To Dismiss the Legion. 

Being in line at a halt. 
1. Return. 2. Swords. 3. Break ranks. 4. March. 

To Open Ranks. 

Being at a halt. 

1. Rear open order. 2. March. 3. Front. 
At the first command the Vice and Lieut. -Commanders 
march backward three yards to mark the new alignment. 
At the comand march the front rank dresses to the right, 
the rear rank casts the ej^es to the right and steps backward, 
halts a little in rear of the alignment and dresses to 
the right on the line established by the Vice and Lieut. - 
Commanders. The Commander verifies the alignment of 
the front and the Vice-Commander of the rear rank. At 
the command fro?it, the Vice and Lieut. -Commanders place 
themselves three yards in front of the center of their 
divisions. 



SCHOOL OF THE LEGION, 49 

i. Close order. 2. March. 
At the command march, the officers face about, approach 
to within one yard of the line, .march along its front, and re- 
sume their place in line, the rear rank closes up in quick 
time to facing distance, each Knight covering his front rank 
frater. 

In Line, Single Bank, to Open Order. 
The same rules and commands apply as in double ranks, 
except that tzvos are counted, if not otherwise known (see 
Display Drill); the even numbers march straight backward 
and form the rear rank, in open order, so as to be exactly in rear 
of their own intervals between numbers one of the front rank. 
When ranks are closed, they resume their places in line. 

To March in Line. 
1. Forxvard. 2. Guide right (or left). 3, March. 
At the command march, all step off w r ith the left foot, in. 
quick time, the Vice-Commander as right guide taking points 
in advance perpendicular to the line, and with the greatest 
care observes the length and cadence of the steps. The 
touch of the elbow toward the guide is kept up, and the 
alignment carefully preserved. This should be frequently 
practiced, and for long distances. 

1. Legion. 2. Halt. 
At the second command every Knight halts, and the align- 
ment is made. 

To Wheel the Legion. 

Being in line at a halt. 

1. Right (or left) wheel. 2. March. 3. Legion, 
4. Halt. 5. Left (or right). 6. Dress. 7. Front. 

At the command march, the Legion wheels to the right on 
a fixed pivot. The Vice-Commander stands fast, so that the 
breast of the pivot Knight may rest against his left arm at 
the completion of the wheel. The Commander superintends 
the wheel, moves backward by the shortest line to a point 



50 SCHOOL OF THE LEGION. 

Legion, distance where the left of the line will rest, directly 
in front of the Vice-Commander, and facing him. At the 
command halt, given when the left guide is three yards 
from the perpendicular, the Legion halts, and the Lieut. -Com- 
mander promptly places himself so that his breast will touch 
the Commander's right arm, who steps back two yards and 
commands left, dress, when the Knights dress up to the 
line of the pivot and Lieut-Commander. At the command 
front the Vice-Commander places himself in line on the 
right of the pivot. 

To continue the march upon completion of the wheel, the 
Commander orders forzvard, when the Lieut. -Commander 
arrives at three yards from the perpendicular, adding March 
the instant the wheel is completed, and guide left (or right) 
immediately afterward, At the command forward the Vice- 
Commander places himself at the side of the pivot. 

In all wheels the guide is on the marching flank, and 
slightly advances the shoulder opposite the pivot, keeping 
the pivot constantly in view. 

In wheeling on a movable pivot, the command forzvard 
is given in time to add march the instant the wheel is com- 
pleted, and the guide is announced on either flank. 

To continue the wheel, that caution is given as the march- 
ing flank approaches the perpendicular, and the wheeling is 
kept up as if but just commenced. If on a fixed pivot, the 
guide on the pivot flank places himself in line at the side of 
the pivot Knight, and halts as before. This may be con- 
tinued ad libitum , or the direction of the wheel may be 
changed at the command: i. I^eft (or right) wheel. 2, 
March, when the same principle will govern as before. 

To Effect a Slight Chang-e of Direction. 

Incline to the right (or left): Is given in march. 

The guide avdances gradually the left shoulder and march- 
es in the new direction; all the files advance the left shoulder 
and conform to the movements of the guide, lengthening or 



SCHOOL OF THE LEGION. 51 

shortening the step according as the change is toward the 
side of the guide or the side opposite. 

While this should be learned a half wheel will ordinarily 
effect the desired object. 

To Turn. 
1. Right (or left) turn. 2. March, 
Is given when marching in line. 

At the second command the Vice-Commander faces to the 
right, without halting, and continues the march; all the files 
increase the gait and hasten to his left, taking the step and 
touch of elbow from him on arriving in line. 
Right (or left) half turn is similarly executed. 

To March by the Flank. 
Being in line at a halt. 

i. Right (or left). 2. Face. 3. Forward. 4. March. 
Or, 1. By the right (or left) flank. 2. March, if in march, 
Or, from a halt or in march command: 

1. Threes right (or left). 2. March. 



At the command march, each three wheels to the right on 
a fixed pivot. Upon completion of the wheel the front rank 
of each three takes the full step, the rear ranks fall back until 
there are twenty-one inches between the front and rear ranks. 
The front rank of the second three will be twenty -one inches 
from the rear rank of the first three, and so on to the rear 
of the column. 

The Vice and Lieut. -Commanders each march forty-four 
inches to the front and face to the right; the Vice-Com- 
mander places himself twenty-one inches in front of the left 
file of the first three, and marches on a line parallel to the 
former front of the Legion, and the Lieut. -Commander fol- 
lows twenty -one inches in rear of the left file of the last three. 
This brings the front rank of each three at wheeling distance, 



$2 SCHOOL OF THE LEGION. 

as they would be, had there been but one rank in the line; 
the rear ranks are half way between the front ranks of the 
threes. 

In wheeling by threes the forzvard march is always taken 
up on completion of the wheel unless, the command halt is 
given. 

To March in Column of Threes to the Front. 
Being in line, the Commander orders: 
i. Right (or left) forward, 2. Threes right (or left), 
3. March. 

At the third command the 
Vice-Commander places him- 
self in front of the left file of the 
right three, the right three moves 
straight to the front, shortening 
the first three steps; the rear 
rank, if there be one, falls back 
to half distance, the other threes 
! £ ■ X\A i\ wheel to the right on a fixed 
pivot; the second three, when 
its wheel is two -thirds com- 
pleted, wheels to the left on the left on a movable pivot and 
follows the first three, and the others, having wheeled to 
the right, move forward and wheel to the left on the same 
ground as the second. 

To Change Direction of Column. 
Being in march. 

1. Column right (or left). 2. March. 
If the change of direction be to the side opposite the guide, 
he wheels as if on the marching flank of a rank of three; if the 
change of direction be toward the side of the guide, he shortens 
his step at the command march and wheels; the leading 
three wheels on a movable pivot, its pivot following the 
trace of the guide. The wheel being completed, the guide 
and leading rank retake the twenty -eight inch step; the other 
threes move forward and wheel on the same ground. 



eh 



SCHOOL OF THE LEGION. 53 

i. Column half right {ox left). 2. March. Is similarly 
executed. 

i. Forzvard. 2. Column right (or left). 3. March. 

Or, 1. Threes right. 2. Column right. 3. March. 
puts the column in motion and changes the step at the same 
time. 

To Halt a Column and put it in Motion. 

1. Legion. 2. Halt. Or, 1. Forzvard. 2. March. 
To Oblique in Column. 

In obliqueing in column of threes or subdivision, the guide r 
without indication, is always on the side toward which the 
oblique is made. On resuming the direct march the guide,, 
without indication, is on the same side it was previous to the 
oblique. 

Practice obliqueing in column and in line often and for a 
long distance at a time, that the errors may be seen and cor- 
rected. 

1. Right (or left) oblique. 2. March. 

yf During the oblique the threes preserve 

aS their parallelism ; the Knight in each rank 

/V W|> of threes on the side toward which the 

/Xy^L% oblique is made is the guide of the rank. 

^^y //4%% The leading guide is the guide of the col- 

/%V|> umn when the oblique is toward his flank. 

•''%%% If toward the opposite flank the s:uide of 

''''Jr? tne f ront rank °f tn e leading three is the 

/ guide of the column. 

1. Forzvard. 2. March. 
Is given to resume the direct march. 
To March a Column of Threes to the Rear. 
1. Threes right (or left) about. 2. March. 
Each rank of three wheels about on a fixed pivot and 
marches to the former rear. The rear ranks, if there are 
two ranks, preserve their distances of twenty-one inches from 



54 SCHOOL OF THE LEGION". 

the front ranks when in column of threes : the r *" — ■ \ 

pivot of the rear rank closes up to his front ^=^'"\ "X y 

rank pivot, covers him during the wheel and, ! i , \! 

on its completion, falls back to twenty-one ^ 
inches. / ' 

The guide at the head of the column takes ^ =I - 
two steps forward, faces to the right, and places /* 
himself, on completion of the about, in rear izn 
of the file on the marching flank of the now ?c 

rear three. The guide at the rear of the col- / 

umn faces to the right and places himself, on 
completion of the about, in front of the file on 
the marching flank of the now leading three. 

The Commander faces about and hastens to 
place himself on the left of the guide at the head of the 
column. 

If the movement is made to the left, the leading guide takes 
two steps straight forward and faces about; the leading three 
wheels past him, when he places himself twenty-one inches 
in rear of its left file by retracing his steps; the guide in rear 
of the column faces about and preserves his distance, march- 
ing forward when the movement is completed. 

To Form Line from Column of Threes. 

i. Threes right {ox left). 2. March. 3. Guide right 
(or left). Or, 3. Legion. 4. Halt. 5. Left (or right.) 
6. Dress. 7. Front. 

The threes wheel to the right into line on a fixed pivot. 

If in two ranks, the rear rank closes to facing distance dur- 
ing the wheel, and if executed in double time, regains the dis- 
tance of twenty-one inches. Should the line advance when 
formed, the guide, if in front of the pivot, takes two steps 
forward and faces to the right, placing himself on the left of 
the leading three upon completion of the wheel. If in front 
of the marching flank, he wheels to the right with the leading 
three, obliqueing at the same time so as to uncover the file, and 



SCHOOL OF THE LEGION. 55 

places himself on the left of the file when the wheel is com- 
pleted. The guide in rear takes his place on the right of the 
Legion, and the guide is announced the instant the threes 
unite in line. 

If the command halt be given as the threes wheel into line, 
the Commander places the leading guide on the line of the 
pivots at sufficient distance to admit the leading three which 
dresses on the guide; the others dress up to the pivot of the 
three in front, thus insuring a prompt alignment. 

1. On right (or left) into line. 2. March. 3. Legion, 
4. Halt. 5. Right (or left). 6. Dress. 7. Front. 

At the command march, the leading three wmeels to the 
right on a movable pivot, and moves forward, dressing on 
the guide, who places himself on its right and conducts it. 
The other threes march a distance equal to their fronts, be- 
yond the wheeling point of the three next preceding, wheel 
to the right and advance, as did the first three. The rear 
guide places himself on the left of the rear three as it wheels 
to the right. 

At the command halt, given when the leading three has 
advanced Legion distance in the new direction, or at a less 
distance if desired by the Commander, it halts, and at the 



B3M— — 




----- -^ 



SI 



56 SCHOOL OF THE LEGION. 

sixth command, given immediately after, dresses to the right. 
The other threes halt and dress successively on arriving in 
line. The rear rank, if there is one, closes to facing distance 
upon halting. 

The seventh command is given when the last three has 
dressed. 

If in double rank, and it is desired to form line in single 
rank, precede the first command by, 1 . /;/ single rank. 2. On 
right into line, etc., and the rear ranks execute the move- 
ment the same as the others, passing a distance equal to their 
front beyond where their front ranks wheeled. 

If in single rank, to form in double rank, the command 
is, 1. In double rank. 2. On right into tine, etc. The move- 
ment is similar. The rear rank of each three wheels to the 
right on the same ground as its front rank. 

// inarching in double time, or in quick time, and the com- 
mand be double time, the Select Commander orders guide 
right when the leading three has wheeled out of the column ; 
it then advances in quick time; the others continue the double 
time until they successively arrive in line, when they take 
the step and alignment from the guide. 

Front into Line in Single and Double Rank. 
i. Right (or left) front into line. 2. March. 3. Legion. 

4. Halt. 5. Left (or) right. 6. Dress. 7. Front. 

At the second command the first three moves straight to 
the front, dressing on the leading guide, who places himself 
on its left; the other threes oblique to the right till oppo- 
site their places in line, when each in succession marches 
forward. 

At the command halt, given when the leading three has 
advanced legion distance, it halts, and at the sixth com- 
mand, given immediately after, dresses to the left. The 
other threes halt and dress to the left upon arriving in line. 
The rear ranks close to facing distance upon halting. The 
guide in rear places himself on the right of the front rank 



SCHOOL OF THE LEGION. 



57 









*,- 



when the last three arrives in 
line. 

If marching in double time, 
or in quick time, and the com- 
mand is double time, the Com- 
mander orders guide left im- 
mediately after the command 
march; the leading three ad- 
vance in quick time, the others 
oblique in double time ; each 
resumes the forward march 
when opposite its place, taking 
the step and alignment from 
the guide (or dresses) as it ar- 
rives in line. 

HI 



iMnmm 



If in double ra?*k, and it 
is desired to form in single ~\ 
rank, the command is, i. In 
single rank. 2. Right (or 
left) front into line, etc. 
Each rear line obliques un- 
til it has gained a distance 
equal to its front beyond the 
point where their front rank 
commenced the forward, 
which is opposite their place is 

in line, when they too march to the front, halting and dress- 
ing as explained. 

If in sifigle rank, to form in double rank in line, the 
principles are the same; the command will then be, i. In 
double rank. 2. Right front into line, etc. The rear rank 
of each three obliques with and resumes the direct march at 
the same time as the front rank does, closing to facing dis- 
tance on arriving in line. 




58 SCHOOL OF THE LEGION. 

To Face a Line to the Rear and March it to the Rear. 

1. Threes righi '(or left) about. 2. March. 3. Legion. 
4. Halt. 5. Lejt (or right.} 6. Dress. 7. From. Or, 
3. Guide right (or left). 

The Commander passes between the nearest three as 
they wheel about on a fixed pivot, and places himself two 
yards in front of the center of the Legion, and the guides 
wheel into their places. 

Fro7n a halt to march a few paces to the rear, thus: 
1. Legion. 2. About. 3. Face. 4. Forward. 5. Guide, 
right (or left). 6. March. Or, if in march, 1. To the 
rear. 2. March. Guide right (or left). 

The guides and Standard Guard step into the rear rank, 
which has now become the front. Having faced about, 
number one of each three now becomes number three, and 
the reverse. 

To Break Threes to the Rear. 

Marching in line, to pass an obstacle. 

1. (So many) threes from right {ox left) to rear. 2. March. 

At the command march, the designated three'executes left 

forward, threes left on the three next on its left, which re- 

srsi mains in line. The Com- 

i.^»^^^^^^^^«^^s ^ mander points with his 

sword to the inner three 
which leads the movement. 
The guide, if the threes are 
broken from his side, closes 
- in on the threes which re- 
main in line; if from the opposite side, the guide on that 
flank follows in rear of the three next to him. 
1. Rear threes, right (or left) front into line. 2. Double 
time. 3. March. 
The threes which were broken form in line, and the guide, 
if on that side, hastens to the point where the right of the 
Legion will rest. 




SCHOOL OF THE LEGION. 59 

The Route Step. 

Being in column of threes, marching. 

1. Route step. 2. March. 

At this command the swords are carried at will and the 
Knights need not preserve silence or keep the step, but each 
covers the file in front and maintains the regular distance. 

Change of direction is effected by the same commands as 
when in the cadence step. 

1. Legion. 2. Attention. 

At the second command the swords are brought to a 
carry and the cadence step is resumed. 

To Form Column of Files from Column of Threes. 

Being at a halt. 

1. Right (or left) by file. 2. March. 

At the first command the rear rank, if there be one, closes 
to facing distance. 

At the second command the right file of the leading three 
of the front and rear rank moves forward, followed in suc- 
cession by the files on his left. When the left file of the lead- 
ing three is about to commence the oblique, the right file, front 
and rear rank, of the second three moves to the front, and so 
on to the rear of the column, keeping close to facing distance. 

The guides (Vice and Lieut. -Commander) precede and 
follow the leading and rear files. 

If marching, the right file of the leading three continues, 
the march, the others halt and resume the march at the 
proper time. The Commander places himself on the left 
of the leading guide. 

To Form Column of Threes from Column of Files. 

Being in march. 

i. Form threes. 2. Left (or right) oblique. 3. March. 

At the command march, the leading file of each three, front 
and rear rank, if there be two ranks, moves forward two 
yards and halts, the rear rank Knights falling back to twenty- 



60 SCHOOL OF THE LEGION. 

one inches ; the other files oblique to the left and place 
themselves successively on the left of the leading files, the 
rear rank taking the distance of twenty-one inches from the 
front rank; the other threes successively form as explained 
for the first, the leading file of each three halting at twenty- 
one inches from the correspondig file of the next three in 
front. The leading guide places himself in front of the left 
file of the leading three. 

To Form Column of Twos from Line, and Line from 
Column of Twos, 
Is executed similar to like formations by threes. 
To Form Column of Files from Line, and the Reverse. 

In march the command is, I. By the right (or left) flank. 

2. March. If the line is so formed, add: 3. Guide right, 
{left or center)* 

From a halt, command: 1. Right (or left). 2. Face. 

3. Forward, 4. March. If by facing the line is formed, 
add: 5. Guide left , {right ox center). 

To Form Single Rank from Double Rank. 

Being in line. 
1. Form single rank. 2. Threes right (or left). 3. March. 

All the threes wheel to the right at the command march. 
The front rank of the right threes, upon completion of the 



wheel, continues the march, and is conducted by the right 
guide who is in front of the file on the marching flank; the 
other ranks halt and successively resume the march when at 
fifty-four inches, wheeling distance, from the rank preceding. 
The rearmost rank having its distance, the Commander 
commands: 

1. Threes left (or right). 2. March. 3. Legion. 4. 
Halt. 5. Left (or right). 6. Dress. 7. Front. 
Or, 3. Guide right (or left). 



SCHOOL OF THE LEGION. 6l 

Marching* in Column, to Form Single Rank. 

I. Form single rank. 2. March. 

At the second command, the front rank of the leading three 
continues the march, the others halt and resume the march 
when at wheeling distance; the rearmost three having its 
distance, line is formed as before. 

If marching in double time, or in quick time, and the com- 
mand be double time, the front rank of the leading three 
marches in double time; the others halt and take the double 
time when at wheeling distance. 

The leading guide in column of threes at single rank dis- 
tance places himself twenty -four inches in front of the file 
on the marching flank of the leading three. The rear guide 
follows at the same distance in rear of the file on the march- 
ing flank of the rear three. 

In single rank the position of the officers are the same as 
when in double rank. The Legion performs all the move- 
ments explained for double rank by similar commands and 
means. 

For small Legions, the single rank formation is recom- 
mended. 

To Form Double Rank. 

Being in single rank, 
i. Form double ra?ik. 2. Threes right (or left). 3. March. 

At the command march, the ranks of threes wheel to the 
right, the leading rank halts the instant the wheel is com- 
pleted, the others continue the march and halt successivelv 
upon closing the twenty -one inches from the rank preced- 
ing. 



The rearmost rank having gained its distance, the Com- 
mander orders: 



62 SCHOOL OF THE LEGION. 

i. Threes left (or right). 2. March. 3. Legion. 4. 
Halt. 5. Left. 6. Dress. 7. Front. Or, 3. Guide 
right (or left). 

The command is threes right (or /^/V), according as the 
front ranks are on the right or left of their rear ranks. 
Should the original left three be in front, and its rear rank 
wanting, the front rank of the succeeding three, instead 
"of closing, remains at its wheeling distance of fifty-four 
inches. 

If the rearmost three is wanting in numbers, to complete 
it the Lieut. -Commander marches with it when the nature 
of his duties as guide, etc., does not render it impracticable; 
but when the Legion is in line, he is in the front rank on the 
extreme left. 

Marching in column of threes, single rank distance, the 
front rank of each three being in front of its rear rank, to 
form double rank, command: 

1. Form double rank. 2. March. 

At the second command the leading rank halts, the others 
continue the march, each halting at twenty -one inches from 
the rank preceding; the rearmost rank having closed, the 
line is formed as before. 

To Close to Double Hank Distance. 

Being in march, threes at single rank distance. 

1. Double rank distance. 2. Double time. 3. March. 

The leading rank continues in quick time; the other 
ranks close to. twenty -one inches in double time and resume 
the quick time. If marching in double time the leading 
rank takes the quick time, as do the others successively upon 
closing to twenty -one inches. 

To Form Column of Divisions. 

Being in line at halt. 

1. Divisions right (or left) wheel. 2. March. 

At the first command the Vice-Commander, as chief of 
the first division, and the Lieut. -Commander, as chief of the 



SCHOOL OF THE LEGION. 



63 





second division,place them- 
selves two yards in front 
of the center of, and facing, 
their divisions, and re- 
peat the command, divi- 
sion right wheel. At the 
frdi second command, briskly 

repeated, each chief of divisions hastens by the shortest line 

to the point where the left of his division will rest and faces 

the late rear; the divisions wheel to the right on fixed pivots, 

and the wheel of each 

division is conducted 

as explained in the 

wheelings of the 

Legion, the Knights 

on the right and left of 

the divisions acting as Single Rank -with Standard. 

right and left guides. When the division approaches the 

perpendicular, its chief commands: 

1. Division. 2. Halt. 3. Left. 4. Dress. 5. Front. 

At the command halt, the Knights on the left of the divi- 
sions place themselves so that their breasts will touch the 
right arms of their chiefs, who then step back two yards and 
each dresses his division and places himself in front of its 
center. 

At the command march, the Standard Guard also wheels, 
under direction of the Sen. Work., who is its chief, to the 
center of the column midway between the divisions. 

If in march, the Legion wheels into column by the same 
commands as at a halt. At the command march the pivots 
halt and mark time in their places, so as to conform to 
movement of the marching flank. 

The position of the Commander is on the side of the 
guide, four yards from the flank and abreast of the leading 
division. 



64 SCHOOL OF THE LEGION. 

Whenever in column a subdivision is dressed, its chief 
places himself two yards in front of its centre, except the 
chiefs of threes and sections, who habitually remain on the 
flanks of their subdivisions. 
1. In three (or four) divisions. 2. Right wheel. 3. March. 

The commander having previously indicated the right 
and left of the divisions, so that the Standard shall be in the 
center of the second division, the Vice-Commander com- 
mands the leading divisions and the Lieut. -Commander the 
rear division. At the second command the Senior Workman. 
steps to the front and takes command of the middle division, 
the Junior Workmen takes the Senior Workman's place, and 
the left guide of this division quickly fills the interval at the 
left of the Standard. If in two ranks, the Junior Workman has- 
tens to the right of the Standard Bearer and the number 
three covering the Junior Workman, steps into the front rank 
on the left of the Standard as soon as the interval is made. 

The wheels are conducted as already explained ; at the 
command front the chiefs of divisions place themselves in 
front of the center of their divisions. 

To Form Column of Divisions and Move Forward 
without Halt. 
Being a line at a halt. 

1. Continue the march. 2. Divisions right (or left) wheel, 

3. March. 4. Forward. 5. March. 
6. Guide, right (or left). 

The divisions wheel as before, except that the chiefs of 
divisions remain in front of their centers Each guide pre- 
serves his proper distance, and exactly covers the leading 
guide, who is careful to march straight and keep the cor- 
rect step and cadence. 

To Put a Column of Divisions in Motion and Halt It. 

1. Forward. 2. Guide right (or left). 3. March, 
will put the column in motion from a halt ; and 1. Legion. 

2. Halt, will halt it. 



SCHOOL OF THE LEGION. 65 

To Oblique. 

The oblique is by the same commands and means as here- 
tofore explained for obliqueing in column of threes. 

To Chang-e Direction of a Column of Divisions. 

Being in march. 

1. Column right (or left). 2. March. 

At the first command the chief of the leading division 
commands right wheel; at the command march, repeated by 
the chief, the division wheels to the right on a movable pivot, 
the chief adding i. Forzvard. 2. March, on the comple- 
tion of the wheel; then adds guide left (or right), according 
to the position of the guide before the wheel. 

The second division marches squarely up to the wheeling 
point and changes direction by the same means and com- 
mands from its chief. 

The Standard Guard wheels on the same ground, under 
direction of its chief (who does not leave his place on the 
right), and preserves its place in column. 

When the right of a column is in front, the guide is left, 
and the reverse when the left is in front. This is not given 
as a rule, but as a suggestion, the matter being entirely at the 
discretion of the Commander. 

In changing direction, it is essential that the rear of the 
column should never be checked; each chief, therefore, whose 
place is in front of it, faces his division while wheeling, and 
sees that the guides take the full step of twenty -eight or 
thirty-three inches, and the pivot nine or eleven inches, 
according to the time. 

The guide in wheeling is always on the marching flank 
without command; on its completion, each chief of division, 
or double section, cautions his subdivision guide left (or 
right), according as the guide was before the wheel. 
Column Half Rigrht (or Left). 

Is similarly executed; each chief gives the preparatory 
command of right (or left) half wheel. 



66 



SCHOOL OF THE LEGION. 



To put a Column of Divisions in March, and change 
Direction at the same time. 

I. Forzuard. 2. Guide right (or left), 3. Column right 
(or left). Or, 3. Column half right {ox left). 4. March. 

To Face Column of Divisions to the Rear, and March 
it to the Bear. 

1. Threes right (or left) about. 2. March 3. Legion. 
4. Halt. Or, 3. Guide right (or left). 

At the fourth command, given the instant the threes com- 
plete the wheel, each chief goes to the left of his division 
and dresses it to the left, commands fro7it, and places him- 
self in front of its center. 

To march to the rear without halting, the Commander an- 
nounces the guide when the wheel is nearly completed. 

If the column be faced to the rear and one division be 
smaller than the other, the guide of the second division re- 
gains the trace and wheeling distance on the march. 

The Standard Guard conforms to these movements and 
carefully preserves its central position. 

The leading division is always the first division, whether 
the right or left is in front. 

To Form Line to the Left (or Rig-ht) from Column 
of Divisions. 

Being at a halt. 

1. Left (or right) into line wheel. 2. March. 3. Legion. 
4. Halt. 5. Right (or left). 6. Dress. 
7. Front. 
The first command is repeated by the Vice and Lieut. Com- 
manders, who promptly take their places on the left flanks of 

as.their divisions as guides, the 
one in the rear exactly cov- 
ering the one in front. 

At the command march 
the Vice, and Lieut Com- 
manders turn their heads 




SCHOOL OF THE LEGION. 67 

toward their division, repeat the second command, and 
stand fast; the divisions wheel on fixed pivots. 

The Standard Guard wheels conducted by and under di- 
rection of chief, so that when the wheel is nearly com- 
pleted he shall be opposite his place in line. 

The Commander commands halt, and places himself in 
prolongation of the line marked by the Vice and Lieut. - 
Commanders where the marching flank of the leading divis- 
ions will rest, and faces the Vice and Lieut. -Commanders. 

At the sixth command, the divisions and Standard Guard 
dress up to the line; at the seventh command, the Vice and 
Lieut. -Commanders take their places on the flanks of the 
Legion. 

If marching, the movement is executed as just explained, 
except at the command march, the pivots halt and mark 
time in their places so as to conform to the movements of 
the marching flank. 

To Form Line and Continue March. 

1. Continue the march. 2. Left (or right) i?ito line wheel. 

3. March. 4. Forward. 5. March. 

6. Guide left (or right). 

The chiefs repeat the commands to, and including, the third, 
and quickly return to their posts in line, so as to step off 
with the Legion at the fifth command. 

The pivots are careful to turn in their places as before, 
until the wheel is completed. 

In long lines the guide may be center, when all will dress 
on the Standard Bearer. 

To Form Line on the Rig-ht (or Left) from Column of 
Divisions. 

Being in march. 

The Commander indicates that the guide is right or left, 
on the flank toward which the movement is to be executed, 
and commands: 

1. On right (or left) into line. 2. March. 3. Front. 



68 



SCHOOL OF THE LEGION. 



At the first command, the chief of the first division com- 
mands right turn; at the command march, repeated by its 
chief, the first division turns to the right, advances in the new- 
direction, division distance, when the chief halts it, commands, 
i. Right. 2. Dress, and take his place 
on its right, The Standard Guard 
and second division march straight 
forward, their chiefs successively com- 
->mand right turn in time to add 
March when each is opposite its 
place in line ; they are halted by the 
chiefs, the Standard Guard when at 
one and the division when at three 
yards from the line, who successively 
command Right. Dress; and when 
the chief of the second division has 
given the second command, he takes 
his post on the left. 

The Commander superintends the alignment from the 
right, and commands front. 

A similar movement by threes from column of divisions 
or sections may be executed, as before explained {vide page 
55); each three in succession breaking from its division by 
wheeling when opposite its place in line; the command, when 
in columns of sections or divisions, being preceded by, 1. By 
threes, 2. On right into line, etc. 




To Break into Divisions. 



From a halt. 



1. Right (or left) by divisions. 2. March. 3. Guide 
left (or right). 

At the first command, the Vice and Lieut. Commmanders 
quickly take their places in front of their divisions; the 
chief of first division commands forward; the chiefs of the 
Standard Guard and second division command right oblique. 



SCHOOL OF THE LEGION. 



6 9 




At the command March, repeated 
by the chief of the right division, the 
division moves forward, the chief re- 
peating guide left. The chiefs of the 
Standard Guard and left division 
successively command March when 
they are severally disengaged, in 
time to gain their places in column. 
The Sen. Work, commands for- 
ward, and adds March the instant 
the Guard is opposite the center of 
the first division, and so regulates the steps that it may im- 
mediately gain and preserve its proper distance. 

The chief of the left division commands, i . Forward, and 
adds 2. March. 3. Guide left, the instant the Knight on 
its left arrives in trace of the guide of the leading division; 
the guide is careful to regulate his steps so as to preserve the 
proper distance. 

If marching, the chief of the first division repeats the 
command, indicating the place of the guide. 

The chiefs of Standard Guard and second division com- 
mand, 1. Standard Guard, (or, i, Second division). 2. Mark 
time: repeat the command March, adding right oblique in 
time to command March when they are disengaged; the 
movement is completed as from a halt. 

To Re-form the Leg-ion. 

Being at a halt. 

1. For 7ti Legion. 2. Left (or right) oblique. 
3. March. 4. Front. 

At the second command the chief of the first division com- 
mands, 1. Forward. 2. Guide right. The chiefs of the 
Standard Guard and second division command, left oblique. 

At the command March, repeated by the chiefs, the first 
division advances division distance, w r hen its chief commands, 



70 SCHOOL OF THE LEGION. 

i. First division. 2. Halt. 3. Right. 4. Dress, and re- 
turns to his place on the right flank. 

The Guard obliques to the left, its chief commanding 

1. Forward in time to add 2. March. 3. Guide right, the 
instant the guard is opposite its place in line. When in 
rear of the line its chief halts it and commands, 1. Right 

2. Dress. 

The second division marches to its place in line by the 
same commands and means as prescribed for the Standard 
Guard, halting at three yards from the line, when its chief 
commands, 1. Right. 2. Dress, and takes his post on its 
left. 

The Commander superintends the alignment from the 
right, and gives the fourth command. 

If marching in quick time, and the command be double 
time, the Commander commands, guide right (or left) 
immediately after the command march; the chief of the lead- 
ing division commands, 1. Forward, 2. March, and repeats 
the indication for the guide. The chiefs of the Standard 
Guard and second division repeat the commands double time, 
March, and when they are about to arrive in line, command 
quick time, adding March the instant they are abreast of the 
leading division. The divisions and guard united, the Vice 
and Lieut. Commanders return to their posts on the flanks. 

If marching in double time, the chief of the first division, 
at the first command of the Commander, commands quick 
time, repeats the command March, and also the command 
for the guide. 

To March a Column of Divisions by the Flank and 
Re-form the Column. 

Being at a halt. 

j. Right (or left). 2. Face. 3. Forward. 4. March. 
5. Guide right (or left). 

The Vice and Lieut. Commanders place themselves in 
front of the leading files, and the guard marches in columus 



SCHOOL OF THE LEGION 71 

of files in the center between the divisions. The Command- 
er is on the side of the guide, four yards from the flank, 
abreast of the chiefs of divisions, or on a line midway be- 
tween them. 

If in march, the divisions may be moved to the right or 
left by the commands, 1. By the right (or left) flank. 2. 
March. 3. Guide right (or left). 

Or, if at a halt, or in inarch, by the command: 

I. Threes right (or left). 2. March. 3. Guide left (or 
right). 

The Vice and Lieut. Commanders quickly place them- 
selves in front of their divisions, as in columns of threes; 
the Standard Guard wheels as other threes do, and main- 
tains its central position. 

To Form in Column Ag-ain. 

If the divisions are marching by the flank in columns of 
files, command, 1. By the left (or right) flank. 2. March. 
3. Guide left (or right). 

If marching in columns of threes, as explained, the Com- 
mander commands: 

1. Threes left (or right), 2. March. 3. Guide left 
(or right). Or, 3. Legion. 4, Halt. 

The threes and Standard Guard wheel to the left into col- 
umn of divisions; the Vice and Lieut. Commanders take 
their positions and exact distances are carefully preserved. 

If halted, the chiefs dress their commands and promptly 
take their places in front of the centers of their divisions. 

To Advance by the Rig-ht or Left of Divisions from Line. 

1. Divisions, 2. Right {or left) forward. 3. Threes right 
for left). 4. March. 5. Guide right (or left). 



72 



SCHOOL OF THE LEGION. 




At the second command the Vice and Lieut. Commanders 

quickly place them- 
selves in front of the 
centers of their divi- 
sions. At the com- 
mand March, each 
division executes the 
movement from its 
right. The chiefs place 
themselves in front of 
the left files of the lead- 
ing threes, the Commander is -midway between on a line 
with the Vice and Lieut. Commanders. 

The Standard Guard wheels to the right, and follows the 
division whose rear file is next to it, until it is opposite the 
center between the divisions, when it wheels to the left and 
marches into its place in the center, under direction of its 

chief. 

To Form in Line again. 

I. Divisions, 2. Left (or right) front into line, 3. March. 

4. Legion. 5. Halt. 6. Right (or left) 

7. Dress. 8. Front. 

The Vice and Lieut. Commanders hasten to their posts on 

the flanks. 

The Standard Guard obliques to the left, halts in rear of 

its place in line, under the direction of its chief, and dresses 

to the right. The command halt is given when the leading 

threes have advanced division distance. 

To Form Column of Threes from Column of Divisions. 

1. Divisions. 2. Right (or left) J l or ward, 3. Threes 

right (or left). 4. March. 

The Vice and Lieut. Commanders take their places in 

columns of threes. The Standard Guard marches straight 

forward and wheels to the right, so as to follow the leading 

division as it passes, 



SCHOOL OF THE LEGION. 73 

To Form Column of Divisions from Column of Threes. 

I. Divisions. 2. Left (or right) front into line. 3. March. 
4. Legion. 5. Halt. 

At the second command the Vice and Lieut. Commanders 
place themselves on the left and opposite the centers of their 
divisions. 

At the third command each division executes left front into 
line; the chiefs place themselves in front of the centers of 
their divisions ; the Standard Guard obliques to the left and 
marches to the center between the divisions, under direction 
of its chief. The command halt is given when the leading 
division has advanced division distance ; each chief dresses his 
division to the right, and takes his place in front of its center. 

If executed in double time, or in quick time, and the com- 
mand be double time, the Commander commands, Guide 
right (or left), immediately after the command March. 



lieginn anfl Display I)r|iIL 



Remarks. Thus far the movements have been chiefly 
legitimate or assimilated to the U. S. Infantry Tactics, sub- 
stituting threes for fours, divisions for platoons , dispensing 
with file closers, causing the Vice and Lieut. Commanders 
to perform the double duty of lieutenants and sergeants,. 
and providing for a Standard Guard. 

The movements which follow are in harmony with the 
principles laid down. 

As it is not desirable to describe minutely every detail 
that may arise in the movement of a Legion, the Commander 
will use his discretion in supplying any detail or omission. 
His decision should be final in any case not supplied by the 
tactics. 

The Standard Bearer may carry the standard, dispensing 
with others of the guard, but his movememts will be similar 
to those of the full guard. If the Standard Bearer does riot 
carry the standard, the Guard should fall in as other Knights. 

In small legions the commands of the chiefs of small 
subdivisions, in the display drill, may be dispensed with, if 
so directed. 

How to Determine Position in Column. 

When ones count, as at the formation of the Legion, it is to- 
number the threes. The odd threes being the right and even 
threes the left of sections. Hence the number of the section 
and position of any three therein is instantly ascertained by 
dividing the number by two. An odd three at the rear of I 
the column marches in rear of the left three of the rear sec- 

74 See u Remarks Apropos 11 page 115. 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 75 

tion; or the Vice-Commander counts one and the Lieut. - 
Commander marches with the rear section on its left flank, 
with number two of the left three wanting, if they are so 
directed. 

It is unnecessary to count twos, although it may be done 
if desired, as one and two from the right of each section form 
the first two ; number three of the right three and one of the 
left three of each section form another two ; and numbers 
two and three of the left three of each section form the next 
two. 

To Form Column of Threes by a Flank Movement from. 
Column of Files. 

Being in march, 

i. Left (or right) flank by threes, 2. March. 

At the first command the Vice-Commander places himself 
twelve inches to the left of number three of the leading 
^^ three, faced in the direction toward 
which the column is marching. At 
the command March both the Vice- 
Commander and the leading three 
march by the left flank; the others 
move forward until each three in succession has gained the 
ground from which the first three marched by the flank, 
when it executes the same movement, follows in trace of the 
three next in its front, and maintains its proper distance in 
the column. The Lieut. -Commander turns to the left, fol- 
lowing the left file of the rear three. 

To Form in Line, Faced to the Rear, from Column of 
Threes. 

I. Right (or left) front into line i faced to rear. 

2. March. 3. Legion. 4. Halt. 5. Right 

(or left). 6. Dress. 7. Front. 

The movement is executed as previously explained for 
right front into line, except that at the command halt the 



f 




76 LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 

leading three wheels left J/> — >5< — ^ — 
about on a fixed pivot and ¥ f \f \jf 
dresses toward the point of ! «•'■■'■■-— ,f 
rest; the other threes suc- 
cessively wheel about on the 
same line and dress as be- 
fore explained. 

A similar movement may 
be made from column of 
sections, except that the rrn^ 

sections do not halt until ^ 

three yards beyond the line; the sections are then wheeled, 
threes left about, by the chiefs, who successively command 
right dress; the Commander verifies the alignment, and 
commands front. 

This will reverse the order of threes, but the following 
consecutive movements will place them in their original po- 
sition in column of sections: 

Form column of threes, by the commands threes right or 
right forzvard threes right, etc., then form sections right 
oblique, hereafter explained. 

To Form Line by Two Movements from Column of Threes. 

A part of the column having changed direction to the 
right, to form line to the left, the Commander commands : 
1 . Th rees left. 2 . Rear th rees left hi to tin e. 3 . March. 

Those threes which have changed direction execute threes 
left, halt and dress to the right, at the command of the 
chief of the leading division ; the rear threes execute left 
front into line, and dress upon the established line at com- 
mand of the chief of the rear division ; at the completion of 
the movement the Commander commands front. 

To Form Line, Faced to the Rear, by two Movements. 
A part of the column of threes, having changed direction 
to the right as before, the Commander commands: 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 77 

I. Threes right. 2. Rear threes left front i?ito line, faced 
to rear, 3. March. 

The threes which have -changed direction wheel to the 
right, halt and dress to the left at the command of the 
chief of the leading division; the rear threes execute left 
front into line, faced to rear, obliqueing far enough to the 
left of their places in line that in wheeling about thej r shall 
come squarely up to their proper positions and dress on the 
new alignment. 

At the completion of the movement the Commander com- 
mands front. 

If the column has changed direction to the left, the line is 
formed to the right by inverse command, thus: 

1. Threes left. 2. Rear threes right front into lifie, etc. 

To Change Front. 

Being in line. 

1. Change front on right (or left) three. 2. Threes right 

(or left). 3. March. 4. Legion. 5. Halt. 6. Right. 

7. Dress. 8. Front. 

At the the third command the threes wheel to the right; 
the Vice-Commander quickly places himself on the right 
of the first three and, with it, moves straight to the front; 
the others oblique to the left and successively march to the 
front when opposite to their places in line. The command 
halt is given when the leading three has advanced Le- 
gion distance, and the movement is completed as in 
left front into line. 

I. Change fro?it forward oti right (or left) three. 2. Threes 

right (or left). 3. March. 4. Legion. 5. Halt. 

6. Right. 7. Dress. 8. Front. 

At the command March, the threes wheel to the right; the 
first three advances a distance equal to its front and halts at 



J& LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 



! *r 1 — 

f J_ 



X L.., 

y' |X rp* \f > t 3$l 

LI ' ' '■' ' ' ' ' fc ' < ' ', I 



the fifth command; the other 
threes advance until they execute 
the same movement as in right 
forward ', threes right, wheeling to 
the left from the ground traversed 
by the right three in its wheel to 
the right, and the movement then is 
completed as in on right into line. 



To Form Line on the Standard Guard from Column 
of Threes. 

I. On Standard into line. 2. Threes right about. 3. Rear 

threes, left front into line. 4. March. 

At the fourth command the threes in front of the standard 

wheel to the right about, and execute left front into line, 

,""~~^n faced to rear, obliqueing to the 

f , \ left of their places in line a dis- 

/* X \ tance equal to their front, so that 

1 ■ ■ i \ \ \ in wheeling about, after passing 

„ \ \ \ the new line, they shall be oppo- 

x*p^!r* j^j site their p iaces and not ia p ° ver 

^^C.^^' on the Standard Guard. 

The rear threes execute left 
front into line asbefore explained. 
If in march, the Sen. Work, at the fourth command, orders 
his guard to halt. Dress on the center. 

To Wheel about the Standard from Column of Files. 
Being in march. 

1. On Standard left wheel, 2. By the left and right 

flanks. 3. March. 
At the command March, given as the left foot strikes the 
ground, the Standard Bearer advances, plants the right foot 
and halts; the Knights in his front execute by the left flank, 
and immediately commence the left wheel about him. The 
Knights in rear of the Standard face to the right, into line, 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 



79 



and commence the left wheel about the Standard. Each wing 
being careful to preserve the alignment with the other. When 
the wheels are nearly completed the Commander orders: i. 
Left wing to the rear. 2. March. 3. Legio?i. 4. Halt, 
5. Center. 6. Dress. 7. Front. At the command halt, 
given as the right foot strikes the ground, the right wing 
halts ; the left wing executes to the rear march, bringing the 
left foot to the side of the right, and halts; the Standard 
Bearer faces about, and the line is dressed on the center or 
either flank. 

To Wheel in Line from Column of Threes. 

1. Threes left (or right). 2. Left (or right) wheel. 

3. March. 4. Legion. 5. Halt. 6. Right 

(or Left), 7. Dress. 8. Front. 

The threes wheel to the left; and the instant they are united 

in line the Legion wheels to the left on a movable pivot, as 

before explained, and is halted, or marched forward by the 

usual commands and means. 

To form Column of Sections. 

From a halt, being in line. 

Sections right (or left) wheel. 2. March. 3. Legion. 
4. Halt. 5. Left (or Right). 6. Dress. 
7. Front. 
At the second command each section wheels on a fixed 
pivot; the Vice-Commander moves to a place about forty - 
four inches in front of the point at which the left file of the 
leading section will rest, and faces to the left (rear of col- 
umn); the Lieut. -Commander marches straight forward, 
halts and faces to the right, on the prolongation of the line 
upon which the left files of each section will rest, when the 
wheel is completed; the Vice and Lieut. -Commanders are 
now facing each other ; the Standard Guard wheels to the 
center of the column, between the sections which were on 
its right and left, before the movement commenced. 



80 LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 

At the command halt, given as the sections approach the 
quarter circle, the left files step promptly up to the place 
where the left of their section will rest and on a line be- 
tween the Vice and Lieut. -Commanders, facing the Vice- 
Commander, each opposite the chief of his section, perpen- 
dicular to its former position ; the Vice and Lieut. -Com- 
manders see that the guides cover each other ; the chiefs of 
sections, without moving out of their places, superintend the 
alignment of their sections, the commands being given by 
the Commander. 

At the seventh command the Vice-Commander in front 
faces about and the officer in rear closes up to forty -four 
inches from the left file of the rearmost section. 

If marching: At the second command the Vice and 
Lieut. -Commanders hasten to their places in column; the 
pivots halt, mark time in their places, and conform to the 
movements of the marching flank. Chiefs of sections, from 
their places on the right, without turning the head, see that 
in all movements their sections keep dressed and preserve the 
proper step and distance, the cautions being given in a low 
tone of voice, and only when necessary. 

To Wheel into Column of Sections from Line and Advance 
■without Halting*. 

I. Continue the march. 2. Sections right (or left) wheel, 

3. March. 4. Forward. 5. March. 6. Guide 

right (or left). 

The sections wheel as before, except that the Vice and 

Lieut. -Commanders take their posts in the column, and the 

Commander gives the fourth command in time to add March 

the instant the sections arrive at the perpendicular from the 

former front. 

To form Column of Sections from Column of Threes. 
Being in march. 
1. Form sections. 2. Left (or right) oblique. 3. March. 
4. Guide left (or right). 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL 8l 

At the third command the odd threes take a short step and 
mark time; the even threes oblique to the left, until opposite 
their places in sections, when they resume the forward march. 
The Commander gives the fourth command the instant the 
threes are united in sections, and all take the full step. 

If the threes are reversed, that is, when the odd become 
the even threes in the column of threes, sections are formed 
upon the same principles, but to the right. The command 
being, i. Form sections. 2. Right oblique, eta. Or, i. By 
section. 2. Threes right. 3. March. Explained below. 

To Form Column of Sections to the Left or Bigiit, from 
Column of Threes. 

Being in column of threes, marching, the Commander 
commands : 

1. By section. 2. Threes left {or right). 3. March. 

At the second command the Vice-Commander quickly 
places himself on the left of the second three. 

At the command March the Vice-Commander advances 
f~3 and wheels in front of the file 

on his right; the leading and 
second three wheel to the left 
on movable pivots, uniting in 
section on the completion of 
the wheel and marching per- 
pendicular to their former di- 
rection. The other threes advance and, by section, execute 
the same movement on the same ground; the Standard 
Guard advances and wheels to the left in rear of the center 
of the section in its front. The Lieut. -Commander shortens 
his steps as the rear threes wheel and follows in the column of 
sections as explained before. 

To Break into Column of Threes from Column of Sections. 
1. Right by Threes. 2. March. 3. Guide left (or right. 

At the command March, the right threes move straight 
forward; the left threes, as soon as disengaged, oblique to the 



82 LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 

right into column of threes, the Vice and Lieut.-Command- 
ers and Standard Guard also obliqueing to their places; and 
the threes that oblique resume the forward without com- 
mand, as soon as the left file of the three has gained the 
trace of the leading guides. 

To halt after the formation of the column, the Command- 
er immediately commands after march, Legion, and adds 
halt the instant the left files of the obliqueing threes have 
gained the rear or the left files of the threes in their front. 
The columns halt, and those that obliqued face to the front. 

To Form Column of Threes to the Right or Left, from 
Column of Sections. 

Being in march. 

\i. By section. 2. Threes right (or left), 
I I A 3- March - 

l JL.-JJ At the second command the Vice- 

Commander quickly places himself 
Ba^wj twenty-one inches in front of the left 

1j file of the right three; at the command 

march he wheels to the right, as if he 
was the marching flank of a rank of 
i2s*s*^^^^i three leading the column : the threes of 

the leading section execute threes right, following the trace 
of the Vice-Commander; the rear sections march forward, 
and each in succession executes the same movement from 
the same ground. The Standard Guard wheels on the same 
ground to its place in the column; the Lieut. -Commander 
closes to his place, twenty -one inches from the left file of the 
three in rear. 

To March in Line. 

Before the movement of threes from column of section is 
completed, commaud: 

i. Threes left. 2. Rear section forward, and add 3. March, 
the instant the rearmost, section is about to wheel by threes ; 
the threes that have changed direction execute threes left ; 
the rear section marches straight forward, and as the line is 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 83 

formed, the Commander commands, guide right (or left). 
The Standard Guard wheels as a rank of three. 

Or the line may be formed thus : 
1. Threes left, 2. Rear sections left front into li?ie. 
3. Double time. 4. March. 5. Guide right. Or, 
6. Legion. 7. Halt. 8. Right. 
9. Dress. 10. Front. 
And the movement is executed upon the principles before 
explained ; the seventh command being given when the right 
threes have advanced Legion distance. 

To Form Columns of Threes from Column of Sections, 

and March to the Rear. 

1. Threes right and left about. 2. March. 

3. Guide Center. 

At the second command the right threes execute the right 
about, and the left threes the left about, on fixed pivots; the 
Standard Guard executes the movement, to the rear, march, 
and regulates its steps so as to maintain its place; the Vice- 
Commander turns to the right and places himself directly in 
the rear (after the about) of the Standard Bearer, advancing 
quickly until he is abreast of and between the rearmost threes. 
The Lieut. -Commander also turns himself to the right and 
places himself on a line with the Vice-Commander and Stan- 
dard Bearer, and abreast of and between the leading threes. 
The Commander marches two yards in front of the Lieut. - 
Commander. The threes of each section carefully preserve 
section distance and the alignment with each other. 
1. For tn section. 2. Threes left and right about. 3. March. 
4. Guide left. 

At the command March the threes wheel about on fixed 
pivots re-uniting the sections, the guard executing to the rear, 
march, as before. The Vice and Lieut. -Commanders resume 
their places and the guide is then announced. Or, 

1. By threes. 2. Front to rear. 3. March. 

4. Guide center. 



84 LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 

Being in column of sections, ^marching. 

At the third command the threes of the leading section 

wheel from the center right and left about and march to 

the late rear, the pivots describing circles whose radii are 

^ — ^ ^ — ^ twelve inches; the others advance 

/ v \ f' \ and the threes of each section in 

/ y \ 

j, n t , V T ^, ^ i y succession execute the same move- 
ment on the same ground, thus form- 
ing two columns of threes, 
y The Standard Guard will advance 
I and wheel about, on the same 
3 ground, into the column that wheel- 
y ed to the right; the Vice and Lieut. - 
j Commanders place themselves 
twenty -one inches in front of the 
▼ 1 left files of the leading threes, the 

Vice-Commander in advance of the column that wheeled 
to the right about, and the Lieut. -Commander taking his 
place in lead of the other column as it passes. The Com- 
mander marches between and on a line with the Vice and 
Lieut-Commanders at the head of the column. 

1. Form sections, 2. Front to rear, 3. March. 

This is given after the columns of threes are formed, as just 
explained, as soon as the heads of the column have passed 
the rearmost section, or may be deferred. At the third com- 
mand the leading threes wheel about toward the center, unite 
in section and march toward their former rear; the others in 
succession execute the same movement on the same ground y 
following in column of sections; the officers resume their 
places, and the Standard Guard, after wheeling, obliques to 
its place in center. 

To Close Sections to Half Distance or in Mass. 

Being in column. 

1. To halt (or such) distance close column. 2. March. 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 85 

At the command March the leading section stands fast, if 
at a halt, or halts if in march, at the caution of its chief; the 
others advance and successively halt at the given distance 
and are promptly dressed at command of the chiefs of 
sections. 

If in line, command: 

1. To half (or such) distance close column. 2. Sections right 
(or left) wheel. 3. March. 

At the third command the sections wheel to the right and 
the leading section is halted and dressed by its chief; the 
others advance, on completing the wheel, and the movement 
is completed as before explained. 

These movements may be executed in double time; then 
the leading section continues the march in quick time, after 
the wheel is completed ; the others close successively to half" 
distance and take the step and cadence, from the guide in 
their front, at the command quick time, march, by the chief 
of their section. 

To Take Wheeling: Distance from Column of Sections 
in Mass, etc. 

1. Take wheeling distance. 2. March. 

At the second command the leading section marches for- 
ward, at the caution of its chief; the others halt, if in march,, 
or stand fast if at a halt, and successively take up the march, 
at the commands of their chiefs, when the designated dis- 
tance is gained. 

To Form Column of Sections, Forward, from Line. 

1. Center forward. 2. Threes left and right. 3. MARCH* 

4. Guide right (or left.) 

At the second command the Vice-Commander places 
himself in front of the left file of the center section. At the 
command March the center section and Vice-Commander 
move straight forward ; the threes of the right wing execute 
left forward threes left, and those of the left wing execute 
right forward threes right; the Leiut.- Commander follows 



$6 LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 

the column of threes on the left, falling back to his place in 
column of sections, as the rear threes unite in section. 

If the Standard Guard is present, the Vice-Commander 
places himself in front of its left file and the Guard and 
Vice-Commander lead the movement. 

Column of sections may be formed thus when the original 
right is the center of the line. 

To Form Line to the Front, from Column of Sections. 

I. Right and left front into line. 2. March. 3. 

Legion. 4. Halt. 5. Center. 6. Dress. 

7. Front. 

At the command March the Standard Guard (or center 
section) marches straight to the front; the right threes exe- 
cute right fro?it into line and the left threes execute left 
front into line. 

The line may be formed in this way from column of sec- 
tions when the original center of the Legion is at the head 
of the column, and may be executed in double time on prin- 
ciples before explained. 

To Form Line by Two Movements, from Column of Sec- 
tions at Half Distance. 

:i. Threes right (or left). 2. Left {ox right) threes on right 
(or left) into line. 3. March. 4. Front. 

At the command March the right threes execute threes 
right, move forward Legion distance and the Vice-Com- 
mander commands, 1. Right wing (or First division). 2. 
Halt. 3. Right. 4. Dress, and takes his place on the right. 
'The left threes execute on right into line; the Lieut. - 
Commander quickly placing himself in front of the leading 
three, commands, 1. Left wing (or Second Division). 2. 
Halt. 3. Right. 4. Dress, giving the second command 
as the leading three of the left wing arrives in rear of its 
place in line, and places himself on the left, in prolongation 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 87 

of the line. On completion of the movement the Com- 
mander commands fro?it. 

The movement may be executed without halting, thus: 

1. Threes right. 2. Left threes on right into line. 3. Double 
time. 4. March. 5. Guide right. 

The left threes execute the movement as before explained,, 
but in double time, taking the step and alignment from the- 
right wing as they successively arrive on the line. The 
Commander commands guide right when the right threes* 
have united in line, they then advance in quick time. 

To Form Line by Three Movements from Column of 
Sections. 

1. By section. 2. Threes right and left. 3. March. 

Being in column of sections at half distance. At the com- 
mand March the left three of the leading section wheels to- 
the left and the right three wheels to the right, marching in 
opposite directions; the other sections advance and, except 
the one in the rear, successively execute the same movements 
from the same ground. The Vice-Commander is in lead of 
the right threes, and the Lieut. -Commander quicklv places- 
himself in lead of the left threes as before explained, when 
the movement is commenced. [If the Standard Guard is in 
the column, it does not wheel, 'but marches straight to the 
front and marks time on a line with the marching flanks of 
the threes that wheeled into columns right and left.] 
When the rearmost section approaches the point from which 
other sections broke into threes, the Commander commands: 
1. Into line. 2. Threes left a?id right. 3. March. 
4. Guide center. 

At the second command the chief of the section that has 
not broken cautions it to forward, and at the command 
March, given the instant the rear section has gained the 
ground from which the others wheeled by threes, this section 
marches straight forward; the threes on its left wheel to the 



S8 LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 

right, those on the right wheel to the left into line, the 



i t r 

Commander announces the guide and places himself two 
j-ards in front of the center of the Legion. 

[If the Standard Guard is present, the command March is 
given, so that the rearmost section may hreak and its threes 
oblique toyou right and left of the Standard Guard.] 

Column of Sections may then be Formed by the 
Commands: 

i. Cotter forward. 2. Threes left and rigid. 3. March, 
as before explained. 

The column is now left in front with the original left threes 
still on its left, the Vice-Commander in advance. To cause 
the threes to occupy their original position in column of sec- 
tions, right in front, repeat the commands for the formation 
of line by three movements, and the formation of column of 
sections on the center forward as before; or consecutive move- 
ments indicated by the following commands : 1 . Threes right 
(or left) about. 2. March. Each three wheels on a fixed 
pivot and, reuniting in section, the column marches to the 
late rear, then : \. By section. 2. Threes left. 3. March. 

To Form Column of Twos, from Column of 
Sections. 

1. Ce?iter forward. 2. Files left and right. 3. March. 
At the command March the left threes execute right for- 
ward files right, and the right threes execute left forward 
files left; the Standard Bearer marches forward and the 
others of the Guard form a rank of two in his rear, all main- 
taining the same distance. It now being a column of files, 
-double rank, the leading files shorten the steps until the 
Commander, seeing the rear files have closed to their 



r 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 89 

places, commands forzvard, march, when all 
take the twenty -eight inch step. 
t^ Bm Ji To form into column of sections again, 

1 ' " ' * * ' command: 

1. Right and left fro?it tit to sections. 
a j^^j . 2. March. 

t, ■ 1 ■ 1 =ezi xhe right files of each section execute right 
a front into line, and the left files of each sec- 

&ms tion execute left front into line, thus re-form - 

J^a^l. m & each section; the rear sections shorten 
1 ■ lB _L-iL_L-j t j ie fete p S until each in succession has gained. 
its proper distance. 

Similar movements from the center of double sections may- 
be made by similar commands and means. 

To Wheel in Circles for Display. 

From column of sections. 
1. Threes in circle right and left wheel. 2. March. 
3. Guide left (or right). 

At the command March the Vice-Commander takes twc* 
steps to the front and halts; the Lieut. -Commander steps- 
backward the same distance and halts; the right threes wheel, 
on fixed pivots to the right, numbers one marking time, and 
conforming to the movement of the marching flank; the left 
threes wheel to the left in like manner on numbers three. 
When the circles are completed and the sections re-formed,, 
the column moves forward at the command for the guide. 
The Standard Guard marks time in its place until the sec- 
tions are re formed, then marches forward. 

Great care should be taken in executing the wheels, so that 
each three will complete the quarter circle at the same in- 
stant; also in re-forming the sections and commencing the 
forward, march, at the same instant. 



tyO LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 

To Wheel One-half of the Sections at a Time. 

Being in march. 

i. Right threes in circle, right wheel. 2. March. 

At the command March the right threes wheel as just 
described, and when completed march forward as before ; the 
Standard Guard, by right side stej>s, places itself in rear of 
the wheeling threes and marks time until the circle is complet- 
ed then follows the three in its front, When the wheel is 
nearly completed the chief commands, i. Left threes in circle ■, 
left wheel, and adds, 2. March, so that the left threes will 
commence the wheel the instant the right threes resume the 
forward, march. When the left threes complete the wheel, 
the sections will be re-united, if the movement is executed 
properly ; the column moves forward without command 
and the Standard Guard obliques to the left into its place. 

Similar movements may be executed when marching in 
line, and by similar commands and means. 

To Advance Even Sections to the Front of Odd Sections 

in Column. 

I. Threes in circle, right and left wheel. 2. Even sections 
forward. 3. March. 

At the command March the right threes of the first, 
third, and other odd sections wheel in circles to the right, 
and the left threes of the same sections wheel in circles to 
the left on movable pivots, each pivot Knight describing a 
circle whose radius is twelve inches; the second, fourth, and 
other even sections march straight forward, passing between 
the threes of the section in their front as they complete the 
half circle. The Vice-Commander shortens his steps and 
moves forward; the Lieut. -Commander follows the rear 
section, if it be an even section, and halts when he has 
gained the distance of two yards from the section that is 
wheeling by threes; when the movement is completed he 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 9 I 

closes to fifty-four inches from the left file of the rear section 
and follows the column; if the rear be an odd section r 
he takes two backward steps and halts as before. When the 
wheeling threes have completed their circles and re-unite in 
sections, they inarch forward and are careful to regain the 
proper distance if lost. 

To move the former odd, now the even, sections forward 
into their original places in column, the commands and 
movements are exactly similar to those just explained. 

[If the Standard Guard is in the column, it advances 
between the wheeling threes; the sections regulating the 
steps so as to maintain their positions. The Commander 
commands, i. To the rear. 2. March, repeats the move- 
ment just explained, and again executes to the rear, march T 
which brings the Standard to its original position.] 

The Deploy Column of Sections. 

Being at a halt. 
I. On first section deploy column. 2. Left. 3. Face. 
4. Forward. 5. March. 6. Front. 

At the first command the Vice-Commander faces about 
and places himself on the right of the first section, whose 
chief commands, stand fast, and immediately dresses it to* 
the right. The other sections face to the left at the third 
command. 

At the command March the Standard Guard and all the- 
sections, except the first, being faced to the left, march straight 
forward; the chief of the second section commands, 1. By 
the right flank, and adds, 2. March. 3. Guide right the 
instant he is opposite his place in line. This section halts- 
in rear of the line at command of its chief, who immediately 
adds, 1. Right. 2. Dress. 

The guides of the rear sections march abreast of each 
other and parallel to the second ; each chief in succession 
marching his section by the right flank, and dressing it uporu 



92 LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 

the line as described for the second section. The Lieut. - 
Commander hastens to the point where the left of the line 
will rest ; the Commander superintends the alignment and 
commands front. 

If marching command, i. On first section deploy column. 
2. By the left flank. 3. March. At the third command the 
first section is halted and dressed by its chief; the rear sec- 
tions and guard march by the left flank, and the movement 
is completed as before. 

1. On fourth (or rear section, naming it) deploy column. 

2. Right. 3. Face. 4. Forward, 5. March. 

6. Front. 

Being at a halt 

At the first command the Vice-Commander faces and 
marches to the right, halts and faces about in front of the 
chief of the first section; the Lieut. -Commander hastens to 
place himself in the post vacated by the Vice-Commander 
and faces him; the chief of the fourth section commands, 
Fourth section stand fast. 

At the command Face the other sections face to the right. 
At the fifth command the rear section marches straight for- 
ward, halts one yard from the Vice- Commander and its 
chief dresses it upon the Vice and Lieut. Commanders; the 
Vice-Commander faces about, marches in prolongation of 
the line, halts where the right of the Legion will rest, and 
again faces about exactly in front of the Lieut. -Commander, • 
facing him- In the mean time the other sections move for- 
ward, at the fifth command, led by their chiefs, at section 
distance, parallel with each other; the guide of the third 
section commands, 1. Third section. 2. By the left flank, 
and adds, 3. March. 4. Guide left, the instant the fourth 
•section is unmasked. When within one yard from the estab- 
lished line its chief halts it and immediately commands, 1. 
Third section. 2. Left. 3, Dress, when it dresses upon 
the line. 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 93 

When the guide of the third section commands by the left 
flank, march, the second section advances section distance 
and then marches by the left flank in the same manner, and 
is dressed as described for the third section, and so on with 
the remaining section. 

The Commander commands front when the movement is 
completed, and the Vice and Lieut. -Commanders take their 
places in line. 

A f marching the commands would be, i. On fourth sec- 
tion deploy column. 2. By the right flank. 3. March. 
4. Front. 

The fourth section continues to march straight forward at 
the caution of its chief; the others march by the right flank, 
and the movement is completed as before. 

It is of great importance in all deployments that com- 
mands be promptly given and distances accurately main- 
tained. 

1. On (such a) section (or Standard Guard) deploy column, 

2. Right and left. 3. Face. 4. Forward. 

5. March. 6. Front. 

Being at a halt. 

At the command march the sections in front of the de- 
signated section, deploy to the right; those in rear deploy 
to the left. The designated section, as soon as unmasked, is 
marched forward at command of its chief to the line 
established by the Vice and Lieut. -Commanders, as be- 
before described (p.p. 92), and is dressed to the right 
against the Vice and Lieut.-Commanders, who then face 
about and march in prolongation of the line, halt where 
the right and left of the line will rest, and each faces toward 
the other. The other sections are dressed toward the des- 
ignated section, and the movement is completed upon prin- 
ciples before explained. 

If in march, the designated section is halted in rear of the 
line; the sections in front of the designated section are 



94 LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 

marched by the right flank ; those in rear are marched by 
the left flank, and the movement is completed as before. 

To Form Double Sections from Column of Sections. 

Remarks: — The first and second sections form the first 
double section ; the third and fourth sections form the sec- 
ond double section, and so on. 

The Vice-Commander is chief of the leading double 
section, the Lieut-Commander chief of the one in rear. If 
there are three double sections, the Senior Workman takes 
command of the second. If there are four double sections, the 
Standard occupies the center of the second and the Senior 
Workman commands it, the Junior Workman commands the 
third. If more than four, the Senior Workman commands the 
center double section having the Standard; the Junior Work- 
man commands the one in its rear. The Knight on the right 
acts as chief of double section unprovided for. When double 
sections are dissolved the chiefs resume their places. The 
Standard Guard may retain its identity and march between 
the double sections that were on its right and left if desired; 
or it may form the left three of a section, in which event it 
will execute the movement with its section. Or, the Stand- 
ard Bearer alone may march as if the full guard was with 
him. These various positions are determined by the num- 
ber of Knights in line. 

Being at a halt the Commander orders: 

i. Form double sections. 2. Left oblique. 3. March. 

At the second command the chiefs of the odd numbered 
sections command, 1. Forward. 2 Guide right, and the 
chief of the even numbered sections command left oblique.. 
At the command march, repeated by the chiefs, the odd 
sections advance section distance; their chiefs command, 1* 
Section. 2. Halt. 3. Right. 4. Dress. The even sections 
oblique to the left, their chiefs commanding, 1. Forward, in 
time to add, 2. March. 3. Guide right, the instant each is 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 95 

opposite his place in line. When one yard from the line, the 
chiefs command, i. Sectio?i. 2. Halt. 3. Right. 4. Dress. 
The chief of each double section superintends the alignment 
of his double section, commands front, and places himself 
two yards in front of its center. 

The Standard Guard (or Standard Bearer alone if the 
<% guard" be not with him) obliques to the center of the col- 
umn between two double sections; or the Standard Bearer 
hastens to place himself between the two sections in his 
front (or rear) as they unite; the others of the guard taking- 
post on the flanks, or taking command as has just been ex- 
plained, and as previously may have been directed by the 
Commander. 

If in march, double sections are formed by the same com- 
mands and means, except that the even sections are not halted 
and dressed; the odd sections, instead of halting at the sec- 
tion distance, mark time at the command of their chiefs, 
and the chief of each double section commands, 1. Forward, 
adding 2. March. 3. Guide left, the instant the sections 
have joined. 

To Break into Sections from Column of Double 
Sections. 

1. Right by sections. 2. March. 3. Guide left. 

At the first command each chief of double section repeats 
Right by section, and resumes his place in column of sec- 
tions; the chief of each right section turning his head to- 
ward it, but without moving out of his place, commands, 
Right section forward; the chiefs of each left section in 
like manner command, 1. Left section. 2. Mark time, re- 
peats the command March, immediately commands right 
oblique, and adds March, so that each even section may com- 
mence the oblique as soon as it is disengaged, adding for- 
zvard, guide left when it has gained its place in column. 



96 LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 

To Wheel Subdivisions and the Legion in Circles Con- 
secutively without Halting. 

1. Threes in circle right {ox left) -wheel. 2. March. 3. Sec- 
tions in circle left (or right) wheel. 4. March. 5. Double- 
sections in circle right (or left) wheel. 6. March. 7. 
Divisios i?i circle left (or right) wheel. 8. March. 9. In 
circle right (or left) wheel. 10. March. 11. Legio?i* 
12. Halt. 13. Left. 14. Dress. 15. Front; Or, n. 
Forward. 12. Guide right (or left). 13. March. 

At the second command each three wheels in a full circle 
to the right on a fixed pivot. When the circle is nearly com- 
pleted the third command is given in time to add March 
the instant the threes are re-united in line, and each section* 
in like manner, wheels on a fixed pivot in full circle. The 
Standard Guard so conducts its wheel on a movable pivot 
that it will exactly unite with the sections as the line is 
formed each time. When the sections are united in line the 
second time, that is, having completed the circle, the sixth 
command is given; (the preparatory commands in each case 
being given so as to add the command of execution as 
directed). At this each double section wheels to the right 
in a complete circle, and on a fixed pivot, the Standard 
Guard wheeling as before but. in larger circles. When the 
double sections unite in line as the circle is completed, the 
eighth command is given, and the divisions wheel as described 
for double-sections, the Standard Guard wheeling as before 
described. The line being again re-formed, the Legion is 
wheeled on a movable pivot by the ninth and tenth com- 
mands. In all the wheelings the command March is given 
the instant the line is re-formed, after the circle is completed,, 
so that the smaller subdivisions re-form the line after the 
full about, instantly break with the next larger subdivisions,, 
continue the wheelings in the opposite direction and so on. 

The Vice and I!ieut. -Commanders do not wheel with the 
subdivisions, but face and march from the center in prolonga- 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 



97 



tion of the line, or close toward it and face to the proper 
front on the flanks, so that when the half circle is com- 
pleted, in each wheel, except the last, they, with the subdi- 
vision, will, for the instant only, be in perfect line faced to the 
late rear; the Vice and Lieut. -Commanders marking time, 
the subdivisions continuing the wheel; when they are disen- 
gaged the Vice and Lieut. -Commanders face and retrace 
their steps, again completing the line faced to the original 
front the instant the full circle is finished, and so on until 
the wheel is by Legion front, when they remain on its flanks. 
This may be executed in part, if desired, omitting such of 
the wheels as may be deemed expedient or desirable. 

To Changre Direction of Column* of Sections (Double 
Sections or Divisions). 



i. Change direction by the right {or left) flank, 2. Threes 
right (or left), 3. March. 

At the second com- 
mand the chief of the first 
section commands, 1. 
First section. 2. Right 
forward. 3 Threes 
right. 

At the command march 
the first section executes 
right fo rzva rd, th rees 
right; when the rear three 
completes the wheel to the 
left, the Chief commands, 
1. Threes left. 2. March. 
3. Section. 4. Halt. 5. 
Left, 6. Dress. 7. Front 
The other sections wheel 
by threes to the right or half right, and are so con- 




9© LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 

ducted by the chiefs as to enter the new column parallel 
to the first section. As each section arrives in rear of the one 
next preceding, it is formed in line to the left and dressed to 
the left. The Vice and Lieut -Commanders quickly gain 
their places in the column and assist in the alignment of the 
guides, as heretofore explained. 

If the column be of double sections or divisions, each chief 
halts when near the point where the left of his division will 
rest in column, and allows his division to march past him. 

To Advance by the Right or Left of Double Sections. 

Being in line, 
i. Double sections. 2. Right (or left) forward. 3. Threes 

right (or left) . 4. March. 5. Guide right (or left). 

At the third command the Vice-Commander places him- 
self in front of the left file of the first three; the Lieut. - 
Commander quickly places himself in front of the left file of 
the right three of the double section on the left of the 
Legion. The other chiefs of double sections take the same 
relative position, and the movement is completed as explain- 
ed for divisions. 

Line or column is formed by similar commands and means 
as are described for divisions. 

To Break by Right of Subdivisions to the Rear into 
Column. * 

Being in line at a halt. 

I. Right of sections, rear into column. 2. Threes right. 

3. March. 4. Threes left. 5. March. 6. Legion, 

7. Halt. 8. Left. 9. Dress. 10. Front. Or, 

6. Guide left. 

At the first command the chief of each section cautions 

the right three that it will have to right about. At the third 

command the threes will wheel to the right on fixed pivots. 

The right three of each section will then change direction to 

the right (late rear) on a movable pivot; the other three of 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 



99 



each section moving forward and changing direction on the 
same ground as its right three. The Commander, seeing the 
movement nearly completed, commands, 4 Threes left, in 
time to add 5. March, the instant the left of the left threes 
has reached the line lately occupied by the Legion, and 
adds, 6. Legion. 7. Halt. The left guides of sections ex- 
actly cover each other under direction of the Vice and 
Lieut. -Commanders and the chiefs of sections; at the tenth 
command the Vice and Lieut. -Commanders take their 
proper places in column. If the command for the guide is 
given, the column moves forward without halting. 

The Standard Guard wheels about and marches into its^ 
place in column, then wheels to the left, regulating its steps 
so as to maintain its place. 

Divisions (or double sections) 
break to the rear into column 
from line by similar commands 
and means, except that the chiefs 
of divisions, etc., at the first com- 
mand place themselves in front of 
their divisions, and caution the 
first three as before, repeat the third 
command, place themselves on 
the marching flank of the leading 
three in their divisions, wheel with 
it and halt on the late line, so that 
the file on the marching flanks of 
the next threes, in passing to the 
rear, will graze the chief's right 
arm. When the rear three nearly 
completes the wheel, each chief of 
divisions (or double section) com- 
mands, 4. Threes left. 5. 
March. 6. Divisions (or double section). 7. Halt; the 
left guide of the division places himself so that his arm will 



YYWl 



VYVl 



tegaaBUMUJtMaa.tMdaiKiia.gggsV 



IOO LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 

lightly touch the chief's left breast, who then gives the 
eighth, ninth and tenth commands (in lieu of Commander, as 
explained for the same movement by sections), and places 
himself in front of the center of his division or double 
section. 

Similar movements by files, without the wheelings of 
threes, being at a halt, are made thus: 

'The Commander commands, i. Right of sections rear 
into column. 2. Right. 3. Face. 4. Forward. 5. March. 
6. Legion. 7. Halt. 8. Left. 9. Face. jo. Left. 
n. Dress. 12. Front. Or, 6. By the left flank. 7.MARCH. 
8. Guide left. 

At the third command the Knights at the right of sections 
(chiefs) come to an about face, and at the fifth command 
move straight to the rear ; the others follow, turning on the 
same ground. When the last Knight or file is about to turn 
to the rear, the Commander halts the Legion, faces it to 
the left, and dresses it as explained, or marches it by the 
left flank into column. 

1. Right of sections rear into column. 2. By the right flank. 

3. March. 4. By the left flank. 5. March. 

6. Guide left. 

Being in line marching. 

At the third command the right file of each section ex- 
ecutes to the rear, march , and marches straight to the rear; 
the others face and march to the right. On arriving at the 
point where the right file marched to the rear, each file of 
that section in succession follows in his trace, being careful 
to keep closed to facing distance, each section executing the 
same movement at the same instant. The fifth command is 
given the instant the last files are about to turn to the rear, 
so that they do not in fact turn but continue to march 
straight forward; or the command may be delayed until he 
turns to the rear, so that all march by the left flank at that 
command. 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 



IOl 



The officers take their positions as heretofore explained. 

Divisions and double sections are formed into column by 
files from the right of divisions to the rear, by similar com- 
mands and means. 

To Deploy Column of Double Sections. 

Being at a halt. 
I. On first double section deploy column. 2. Threes left 
(or right). 3. March. 




At the first command the chief of the first double section 
cautions it to stand fast, and places himself three yards in 
front of his place on the right; the left guide steps three 
yards straight to the front; the other chiefs repeat threes 
left, and quickly place themselves two yards in front of the 
left guides, facing the left. At the command March the 
chief of the first double section commands, 1. First double 
section. 2. Right. 3. Dress. 4. Front; at the third 
command it dresses on the line between the chief and left 
guide. The double sections wheel by threes to the left, the 
chiefs repeating the command March. The chief of the 



I02 LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 

second double section stands fast, and when the left of his 
double section approaches him, commands, I . Second double 
section, 2. Threes right. 3. March. 4. Guide right. 
The third command is given the instant the front rank of the 
rear three (if there be two ranks, or if not, then when the 
rear three) arrives opposite the place of the right file when in 
line. On approaching the line the chief commands: 

1. Second double section. 2. Halt. 

At the command Halt, given at three yards from the line, 
the double section halts, and its left guide quickly places 
himself on the line where its left will rest, and at the same 
time the chief, if his place in line is on its right, places him- 
self 22 inches from, and on a line with the Knight on the left 
of the first double section, aud commands. 1. Right* 

2. Dress. 3. Front. The guide of the third double sec- 
tion marches abreast of and parallel to the second; its chief 
having advanced two yards, after the command, threes right y 
?narch, from the chief of the second, halts, in his own per- 
son, and when the right of his double section approaches him, 
commands, 1. Third double sectio?i. 2. Threes right. 

3. March. 4. Guide right, and, marching in front of its 
center, conducts it to within three yards of the line, when 
he halts and dresses it to the right, as just explained for the 
second double section. 

If there are more than three double sections, the others 
execute the movement as described for the second and third. 

If marching, the chief of the first double section halts it 
at the command March, and the movement is executed as 
before. 

1. On third double section deploy column. 2. Threes 
right (or left). 3. March. 

Being at a halt. 

At the second command the chief of the third double sec- 
tion cautions it to stand fast. 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 



IO3 



At the command March all the double sections, except 
the third, wheel by threes to the right, the chiefs repeating the 
second and third commands; the chief of the first double 
section conducts his double section to the right in prolonga- 
tion of its former front; the chief of the section halts oppo- 




site the right of the third, and when the rear of his double 
section approaches, commands. 1. Second double section. 

2. Threes left. 3. March. 4. Double section. 5. Halt. 
The third command is given the instant the third double 

section is unmasked. 

The chief the third double section, when he sees it nearly 
unmasked, commands, 1. Third double section. 2. Forward. 

3. Guide left. 4. March. When this double section reaches 
the ground from which the first one moved to the right, 
the chief commands, 1. Third double section. 2. Halt. 
At the command halt the chief and left guide quickly place 
themselves three yards in front of their places in line, and 
the chief commands: 



104 LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 

i. Third double section, 2. Left. 3. Dress. 4. Front. 

If there are more than three double sections, each conforms 
to what is explained for the second, and each is conducted 
to the line and dressed as explained for the third. 

The chief of the first dresses his double section to the left 
as soon as the command front is given to the second double 
section 

If in march the chief of the third double section halts it at 
the command march; the movement is executed as before. 

To deploy the colum?i faced to the rear on the first or third 
double section, without first causing it to wheel about by 
threes, the Commander adds, faced to rear after deploy 
column. The movement is executed as already explained, 
except each double section marches three yards beyond the 
line, then wheels about by threes and halts, after which it is 
dressed toward the double section upon which the deploy- 
ment is made./ 

Deployments on Interior Double Sections. 

1. On (such) double section {Division or Standard Guard) 
deploy column. 2. Threes right and left, 3. March. 
At the command March the double sections in front of the 
one designated deploy to the right ; those in rear deploy to 
the left. The designated double section, as soon as un- 
masked, is conducted on the line of the first double section 
with the guide right, and is dressed to the right. The other 
double sections are dressed toward the designated double 
section. 

To Deploy Column of Threes in Open Order. 

Being in march. 

1. On right three (so many yards) take distance. 
2. March. 
At the second command the leading three marches straight 
forward ; the others halt. When the second three has gained 



LEGION AND LISPLAY DRILL. IO5 

six yards (if the number is not given in the command) 
from the three in front, it resumes the full step at the com- 
mand forward, march, by its chief, and so on in succession 
to the rear of the column. 

The Commander then commands : 

1. On center deploy. 2. March. 3. Guide center. 

^ The Knight in the center of each three 

• and the Standard Bearer march straight to 

mm jm t^ the front, shortening the steps. The Knights 

1 I / on the flanks oblique to the right and left 

\ / ! / until an interval of three yards from the 

\ ,' J I J center is gained, when all turn and march 

\ ^f 1 ! ' / straight forward, taking the full step. The 

\ ' ' 1 ' ' / guides are the center Knights, who are care- 

™ \ ^T / ^ ^ to preserve their intervals and distances. 

\ ' / The Vice aud Lieut. -Commanders place 

\ ™ / themselves in front and rear of the center 

' } ' ' on a line with the guides, and three yards 

^3 (or one-half the given distance) from the 

advance and rearmost three. 

To Deploy Column of Sections, etc. 

Distance from the right is gained as just explained, 

1. On right (or left) center deploy, 2. March. 
3. Guide center. 
The movement is executed as in column of threes, except 
that the Knights on the right of the center, according to the 
command, march straight forward, the others oblique right 
and left as commanded. The Standard Bearer marches for- 
ward so as to occupy, as near as practicable, the center of 
the column; the others of the guard oblique to the right and 
left to the given interval. The Vice and Lieut. -Commanders 
are in front and rear of the center as before, and on a line 
between them is the Standard, The guides are the Knights 
on whom, or from whom, the deployment was made. 



106 LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 

To Close into Column Again. 
I. To full distance close column and intervals* 2. March. 

The Knights on the flanks oblique toward the center, and 
when they have gained their places in threes (or other sub- 
divisions from which deployment was made), again march to 
the front, being careful to preserve the alignment and ex- 
actly cover the corresponding Knights in front, closing to 
wheeling distance immediately; the leading threes shorten 
the steps, as do each three in succession, when they have 
gained the proper distance. At the command forward^ 
march, all resume the twenty-eight inch step; the Vice and 
Lieut. -Commanders also regain their places, so as to be 
ready to step off with the column at the command. 
To Close on the Center only. 

Without distributing the distance between the threes the 
Commander commands: 

i. On center close intervals. 2. March. 

The Knights gradually regain their positions on the center,. 
re-forming threes, by oblique steps gaining ground forward,, 
keeping the shoulders square to the front and maintaining 
the alignment. 

To Close Threes to Wheeling- Distance. 

Before or after closing the intervals between the Knights- 
of each three the Commander commands : 
I. To wheeling {ox such) distance close column. 2. March. 

The files in front shorten their steps, and when the threes 
are close to the designated distance, as before explained, the 
Commander commands forward, march, and all take the 
twenty-eight inch step. 

If the command be double time, the leading three contin- 
ues the march in quick time, those in the rear close in double- 
time, until having gained the distance indicated, each in suc- 
cession marches in quick time, taking the step from the 
guide in front. 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 1C>7 

To Deploy Line by Files to the Front. 

1. On Standard {right ox left file) deploy. 2. March. 
Or, 2. Double time, 3. March. 
At the second command the Standard Bearer advances by 
short steps straight to the front ; the Knights on the right 
oblique to the right, those on the left oblique to the left until 
each in succession has gained an interval of three yards from 
the Standard, or the Knight next to them toward the Stand- 
ard Bearer, when they turn and march to the front, dress- 
ing toward the center, which should never be passed. 
When all have arrived in the line, the Commander com- 
mands, forward, march, and all take the full step. 

If the command be double time, the Standard Bearer 
advances with the full step ; the others oblique as described, 
but in double time, taking the step from the Standard 
Bearer as they arrive on the line. 

To Deploy liine in Open Order by the Flank. 

1. By the right (or left) flank take intervals, 2. March. 

3, Legion. 4. Halt. Or, 3. By the left (or right) 

flank. 4. March. 5. Guide right, (left or center.) 

Being in line, single rank. 

At the second command the Legion faces to the right and, 
if in march, halts; the Vice-Commander alone continues the 
march in prolongation of the former line ; the others follow 
successively at the distance of three yards, each steadily 
in trace of his predecessor, until the Knight, or Lieut. -Com- 
mander, in rear of the column has reached his interval, when 
at the fourth command all halt, pause the ninetieth of a 
minute, face to the former front. Or, 

The line is re-formed and moves to the front, at the com- 
mand by the left flank, march. 

I. On Standard {right or left center). 2. By the right 

a?id left flank take intervals. 3. March. 4. Legion 

5. Halt. Or, 4. By the left and right /lank. 

5. March. 6. Guide center (right or left). 



IOS LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL, 

Being in line, single rank. 

The Commander points with his sword to the center file 
on which the movement is to *be made, and at the third 
command those on its right face to the right; those on its 
left face to left, and the movement is executed upon the prin- 
ciples before explained. 

To Extend Intervals. 

i. By the right (or left) flank to (so many) yards extend 
intervals. 2. March. 3. Legion. 4. Halt. 
Or, 3. By the left (or right) flank. 4. March. 
The movement is executed as before explained. 
If desired to deploy from line or column to a greater in- 
terval than three yards, the number of yards is stated in the 
command, and the movement is executed on the same prin- 
ciples. 

To Close the Intervals by the Flank. 

1. By the left (or right) flank close intervals. 2. March. 
At the command March, the left guide stands fast (or if 
in march, halts), the others march by the left flank and suc- 
cessively halt and face to the front upon closing to their 
places. 

To March Files to the Rear from Column of Threes at 

Open Order (Deployed). 
Being in march. 

1. To the rear. 2. March. Or, 
1. Counter -march. 2. By files right (or left). 3. March. 
* SL At the second command the Vice- 

* I ^ C ommander faces to the right, and hav- 
cb J ing arrived opposite the center, between 
4 ■?■ numbers one and two, again faces to 
tj* j the right and marches to the rear. As 
JL T he turns to the rear the Commander 
^r commands March, at which the lead- 
** ing number two faces to the right, and 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 



IO9 



when in rear of the Vice-Commander, turns and follows in 
his trace ; number three of the leading three turns to the 
right, and when he arrives at a point half way between the 
place from which he turned and the place just occupied by 
number two, he faces and marches to the rear. Number one 
executes the same movements, turning to the rear when he 
has gained ground to the right equal to one-half the interval 
between his own position and that of number two before the 
movement commenced. The others advance and follow ex- 
actly in trace of their f raters in front, turning on the same 
ground. 

The alignment and intervals should be carefully preserved, 
and the wheelings by threes, etc., maybe executed by com- 
mands, etc., similar to those before explained. 

Order in Echelon. 

Being in line at a halt (or in march). 

I. Threes (or sections) 01: center {right or left) front into 
echelon, 2. March. 3. Guide center {right or left). 
At the first command the Senior Workman cautions the 
Standard Guard to 1. Forward. 2. Guide center, and the 
chiefs of other threes caution, stand fast (or halt): at 
^1 the command March, 

the Standard Guard 
marches straight for- 
ward; when it has ad- 
vanced fifty -four inches 
1^^^ the threes next on its 
right and left, at the 
' ' ' ' "^ caution of their chiefs, 



given in a low tone, take up the march, and so on until the 
entire line is in march. 

The Knight on the right and left of each three toward the 
center is the guide of his three, and should be careful to 
preserve the designated distance from the Standard or pre- 



HO LEGION AN1> DISPLAY DRILL. 

ceding three, and exactly opposite his place in line, as 
well as to keep dressed on the three opposite to him. 

The Vice and Lieut. -Commanders also take up the 
march at the prescribed distance, and the Commander 
places himself in front of the Standard at the same distance, 
or may march in rear of the Standard on a line with the 
Vice and Lieut. -Commanders. 

If the Commander desires the distance to be greater or 
less, he adds to the first command, after the word "center," 
at (so many) yards distance, and the movement is similarly 
executed. 

Sections in echelon are similarly executed. 
I. Threes (or files) on right (or left) of division front into 
echelon. 2. March. 3. Guide right (ox left.) 

Being in line. 

Each division executes the movement as explained for the 
Legion, the right three of each division marching forward at 
the second command ; the second three of each division 
moving forward as explained when the first has gained fifty- 
four inches, and so on. The Vice-Commander places him- 
self on the right of the leading thr^ee of the first division ; 
the Lieut. -Commander quickly places himself on the left 
and abreast of the rear three of the left division. 

The Standard Guard maintains its place in the center 
abreast of the leading three. 

To March in Echelon to the Rear. 

1. Threes right (or left) about, 2. March. 3. Guide 
right (or left). 

The Vice and Lieut. -Commanders wheel as number three 
of a rank of three into their places in echelon. 

To March in Echelon by the Flank. 

1. Threes right (or left), 2. March. 3. Guide right {left 

or center,) 

The Vice and Lient. -Commanders wheel so as to gain the 
same relative position, when the movement is completed. 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. Ill 

Sections may be wheeled to the right or left, changing di- 
rection in echelon. 

To Re-form the Line. 
I. On center (or such a subdivision) front into line. 

2. March. 3. Center. 4. Dress. 
At the first command the chief of the leading subdivision 
cautions it that it will have to halt ; the chiefs of other threes 
or subdivisions, to the right and left in rear of the center,com- 
mand forward, and repeat the command march, at the same 
time the chief of the leading subdivision commands it to 
halt ; the threes on each side of the center halt and dress 
toward the center on arriving in rear of the line, so that the 
threes opposite each other in echelon will halt and dress at 
the same instant. When the last three has dressed, the 
Commander commands, front. 

To Form Sections in Echelon from Threes in Echelon. 

Threes being in march at four yards distance in echelon, 
command : 

1. Odd threes in circle right wheel. 2. March. 

At the command March, the first, third and other odd 
threes wheel to the right, on fixed pivots, completing full 
circles; the even threes continue the inarch and unite in 
sections with the odd threes the instant they have completed 
the circle, and the sections move forward in echelon with- 
out halting. The sections may be wheeled by similar com- 
mands and means, forming double sections in echelon, which 
may also be wheeled in like manner, forming divisions, and 
so on, until the line is formed. Or, 

Line is formed by commands and means before explained. 

To Form in Echelon from Column of Files. 

Being in march, double rank. 

1. Files right a?id left into echelon. 2. March. 
At the command March, the two leading Knights place 



112 LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 

themselves about one foot apart, and then by short steps 
march straight forward ; the other left files oblique to the left, 
each in succession resumes the forward march, without 
command, when his right shoulder shall exactly cover the 
left shoulder of the Knight next in front. The right files 
gain ground to the right in similar manner, the left shoulder 
of each exactly covering the right shoulder of the Knight 
next in front The Standard Guard forms in line and marks 
time at command of its chief until it gains its proper place 
in the center and on a line with the rearmost Knights (Vice 
and Lieut. -Commanders) in the columns; the Vice-Com- 
mander quickly places himself at the right and rear of the 
right column, and the Lieut. -Commander at left and rear 
of the left column of files in echelon. 

The Commander commands forward, adding March 
the instant the movement is completed, and places himself 
in front of the leading files. 

If the lines are small, ground is gradually gained to the 
right and left, the Knights keeping the shoulders square to 
the front, as they may have been previously instructed by 
the Commander; or, he may indicate it by giving as the first 
command,//^ bear right and left into echelon. 
To Re-form Column of Files, 
i. Files right and left into column. 2. March. 

At the first command the Vice-Commander takes his place 
at the head of the column. 

The leading Knight advances by shortened steps; the 
others oblique toward the center, regulating the step so that 
each double file will successively re-unite, then, turning to 
the front, will follow in trace of those immediately in their 
lead. The Standard Guard marches forward to its place. 
To Open and Close Banks in Echelon from Line, 
i. By turns. 2. Threes front into echelon. 3. March. 

At the third command, given as the right foot strikes the 
ground, the left threes of each section mark time, the right 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. II3 

threes advance until the right foot has been planted the third 
time (*". e, six steps), when they too mark time; the rear 
threes having planted the right foot the third time, step oft" 
with the left foot, pass between the threes in their front, and 
advance six steps in front of them, being twelve steps from 
their first position, when they mark time again, and so on by 
turns until the Commander desires the line to advance to- 
gether, when he commands, I, Forward. 2. Guide right 
(or left.) 3. March; the third command being given the 
instant the line is re-formed. 

The Vice and Lieut. -Commanders successively advance 
with the threes in front. 



Or, he commands, odd threes in circle right wheel, add- 
ing March the instant the Hue is formed, when the odd 
threes wheel full about; the even threes march between the 
wheeling threes, which advance as soon as they complete 
the circle. 

If the Commander desires the threes to march in column, 
he commands threes right (or left) is time to add March 
the instant the threes are united in line. Or the line may be 
halted the instant it is re-united, and is dressed by the usual 
commands. 

To form Line Obliquely and Files in Echelon from Threes 
in Echelon, or Sections in Column. 

Being o?i right in echelon, marching (represented by the 
left half of plate, page 109), command: 

1. Threes half left into line. 2. March. 3. Guide right. 
At the command March the threes w r heel to the left one- 
•eighth of a circle. The leading three having wheeled, 
inarches straight forward, shortening the step a little; the Vice- 
Commander places himself on its right; the others oblique to 



114 LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 

the right, preserving the line with the right three until each in 
succession has closed the interval, when it marches to the 
front and dresses to the right. As the last three, with the 
Lieut. -Commander on its left, faces to the front, the Com- 
mander commands, i. Forwad. 2. March, and all take the 
full step. 

If the line is a short one, the leading three takes the full 
step, the rear threes, if so instructed, may lengthen their 
steps until the intervals are closed, the command to forward 
march being omitted. 

If the threes are in echelon, center in front, as represented 
in the plate (page 109), the command is: 

1. Threes half right and left into line. 2. Rear threes by 

the left and right flank close intervals, 3. March. 

4. Left and right oblique. 5. March. 

The Standard Guard being in front, as a set of three. 

At the third command the leading three halts; its flank files 
face half right and left, outwardly, and take one twenty-two 
inch side step to their right and left, from number two; the 
right threes wheel to the right forty -five degrees, then face 
and march to the left, successively closing the intervals to- 
ward the center of the Legion (now the apex of triangle with 
two sides), halt and face to the right into line; the left threes 
half wheel to the left, face and close the intervals to the 
right and left face into line, both lines dressing upon the 
Knights at the apex of the triangle; the Vice and Lieut. - 
Commanders close on the rear, or flanks farthest from the 
center of the Legion. 

At the fourth command both lines half face toward the 
center; that is, to the same front as when the movement was 
commenced, and at the fifth command all march forward, 
preserving the distance and triangular form of the echelon 
movement. 

Column of sections may be formed into echelon of files by 
similar commands and means (omitting the second command); 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. II5 

the leading section breaks by threes half right and left and 
halts; the others wheel in like manner and advance obliquely 
into line and halt; they are then marched to their former 
front by the last two commands. The Vice-Commander 
may form the angle in front, or goes to the rear, as before, 
according to previous instructions. 

General Remarks, Apropos. 

In the formation of figures, etc., no rigid rules can be 
given, as the number of officers or Knights, the presence of 
the Standard Bearer alone, or of the full guard, would ne- 
cessitate some modification in each case by the officer in 
charge, or interminable explanations in the tactics. 

The commands of the chiefs of threes are in fact merely 
cautions to enable the threes to move together, and may be 
dispensed with if so instructed by the Commander. This 
rule is general, and maybe applied to sections at the discre- 
tion of the officer in charge. 

To Form Column Again. 
1. Form column, 2. March. 

At the command March, numbers one and three of the 
Standard Guard take their places at the side of the Standard 
Bearer, and the guard marches forward by short steps; the 
leading files of the right threes face to the left and march to 
the center, followed by their comrades of the same three; the 
leading files of the left threes face and march to the right, 
followed by the others of their threes. The threes of each 
section unite at the center, face toward the head of the col- 
umn, and regulate the steps so as to gain their proper dis- 
tance. When all the sections have united, the Commander 
commands, 1. Forward. 2. March. " 3. Guide left (or 
right. 

Column of threes may be formed by similar commands 
and means when the right or left is in front, in echelon. 
To Form Line from Files in'Echelon. 

Line to the front is formed by means and commands similar 



n6 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 



to those explained on page no; the files obliqueing opposite 
their places, then march straight to the front, halting in rear 
of the line and dressing toward the point of rest. 

To Form Cross from Column of Threes. 
Being in march, single rank. 
i. Form Cross. 2. March. 3. Forward. 4. March. 

5. Guide center. 
At the second command the Vice-Commander places him- 
self in front of the right file of the leading 
three, and shortens his steps; the first three 
executes right forward, files right, closing 
upon the Vice-Commander; the third three 
takes one oblique step to the right and 
marches forward so that its number two will 
close upon the rear file of the first three ; 
the second three takes four lengthened ob- 
lique steps to the right and marches forward, 
forming in line with the third three; the 
fourth three takes two oblique lengthened 
steps to the left and marches forward, 
j| forming in line with the second and third 

\ .J three; the fifth, sixth and seventh three exe- 

-^ cute right forward, files right, closing in 

59 column of files upon number two of the third 

three. The threes shorten their steps upon arriving in their 
places. The Lieut. -Commander follows in rear of the 
column. Seeing the movement completed, the Commander 
gives the concluding commands, and places himself at the 
head of the cross. 

If there be but five threes, the movement is similarly exe- 
cuted, the third three forming the left arm of the cross. 

If there are eight threes, with the Standard Guard in the 
column, the first and- second threes form the upper arm of 
the cross; the third three obliques to the right, the fourth 
three obliques to the left; the Standard Guard obliques twen- 




LsJ 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 117 

ty-two inches to the right and marches straight forward; 
the four threes in rear form the lower arm of the cross, upon* 
principals explained before. At the command March the 
Vice-Commander quickly places himself on the right of the 
third three, and the Lieut. -Commander quickly places 
himself on the left of the fourth three, so that the Vice and 
Lieut. -Commanders will be on the flanks of the horizon- 
tal arm of the cross and the Standard at the angles in its cen- 
ter. The Select Commander marches about four yards to 
the left and abreast of the Lieut.-Commander, or at the top as- 
before. Cross from column of sections is formed by similar 
commands and means. 

Supernumerary threes close in column as the base of 
the cross, or may form in triangle, etc., as hereafter explained,, 
the command being, 2. Rear threes form triangle, etc. 

To Reduce Cross to Column 

Of like subdivisions from which it was formed. 

1. Form column. 2. March. 3. Guide left. 

At the command March the threes that are in column of 
files execute the left front into line; the first three continues- 
the march, the second three left obliques into column; the- 
third three marks time, until it is disengaged, when it ob- 
liques into its place in column; the fourth three right obliques 
to its place. The threes having re-formed, the column marh 
time, when their guides are in trace of the guide in front r 
and successively advance as each gains its distance. 

The Select Commander gives the third command as soon 
as the movement is completed. 

To Form Greek Cross from Column of Sections, etc. 

The arms of a Greek Cross are so nearly equal that the 
difference is not readily perceived. The same number of 



IlS LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 

threes, sections, etc., form each arm of the cross; usually 
the Standard Guard is in the center, the Vice- Commander 
.at the top (in advance), and the Lieut.-Commander in rear 
at the base. These may be changed when necessary to 
equalize the limbs of the cross. 

i. Form Greek Cross. 2. March. 3. Guide center. 

At the first command the sections execute the following 
movements, the chiefs giving the commands if necessary to 
insure prompt action: First and fourth sections right for- 
ward, files right, forming the advance and rear arms of the 
cross; second section and Standard Guard right oblique, 
forming the right arm and center; third section left oblique, 
forming the left arm, as described before for the Passion 
Cross. 

Creek Cross, from column of threes and double sections, is 
formed by similar means, the chiefs giving the commands 
for their double sections, causing them to take the short step, 
to march forward, etc., at the proper time. As the cross is 
completed the chiefs promptly take their places, and the 
cross moves forward at the command of the Commander. 

To Reduce Greek Cross to Column 

Prom which it was formed, command: (See also p. 136). 

1. Form column. 2. March. 3. Guide left. 

At the first command the following movements are exe- 
cuted as indicated by the commands, viz: 

First and fourth sections. Left front into li?ie. 
Second section and Standard Guard. Left oblique. 
Third section. Right oblique. 

And the movement is completed as explained for the 
Passion Cross. 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 1 19 

To Form Greek and Passion Cross from Column of Threes* 

The Vice and Lieut. -Commanders, Standard Guard and 
eight threes being in the column, marching. 

I. Form Cross. 2. Leading: 

— threes form Greek Cross. 

— 3. March. 4. Guide 
center. 

— At the command March 

— the four threes nearest to the 
L^J head of the column form 

Greek Cross, the first and 

_ . fourth threes executing 

_ — right forward, files right; 
s — the second three obliques 

to the right and the third 

_ g & 

_ three obliques to the left, 

_ forming the several arms 

_ — of the cross, as before ex- 

- — plained, the Vice -Com- 

mander quickly placing 
himself in its center; the 

Senior Workman places* 

himself forty -four inches; 
to the front and shortens his steps ; the Standard Bearer 
quickly takes the place thus vacated, and the Junior Work- 
man places himself between the two ; the Lieut. -Com- 
mander quickly places himself in front of the Senior Work- 
man, and the cross is formed as before explained, with the 
Standard in its center. 

The Select Commander places himself at the head of the 
Passion Cross and commands, forward, March, and all 
move forward. 

Care should be taken to preserve the proper distance be- 
tween the two crosses, which will result from the same step 
being taken by the Select Knights at the heads of both_. 



120 LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 

The cross is reduced by commands and means similar to 
those before explained. 

Supernumerary threes may form at the base, as shown in 
illustration (2), or may form a second Greek Cross. In the 
latter case the second command would be, 2. Leading and 
rear threes form, etc. 

The crosses are reduced by the commands, etc., as before. 

To Display Greek Cross and Reduce it to Column again. 

Being in column, marching. 

1. Display Greek Cross. 2. March. 3. Guide center. 

At the command March the Vice-Com- 
mander continues the march full two 
yards straight forward and halts; the lead- 
ing section wheels to the right (or left, 
according to previous instructions) in a 
complete circle, the pivot Select Knight 
taking short steps, so as to describe a circle 
of about one yard in diameter; the three 
f sections in its rear march forward until 

each in succession has gained the ground 




! a from which the first section commenced 

\_* J the wheel, when each wheels, following 

exactly in trace of the preceding section. 
j ^T The chief of the leading section com- 

mands forward, in a low tone, in time to 
add March the instant it has gained the ground from which 
it commenced the wheel, and this section marches straight 
to the front ; the others follow it in column from the same 
point. These commands should be loud enough to be heard 
only by the section to whom they are addressed, that the 
cross may appear to dissolve without command. 

The guide is then on the same flank that it was before the 
movement commenced, and without command. 



LEGION AND DJSPLAY DRILL. 12 1 

The Lieut. -Commander places himself on the left of the 
fifth section, and during the display the rear sections halt at 
his command, given the instant before the fourth section com- 
mences, and resume the forward, march when that section 
completes the wheel, so that they may not be too close during 
the display of the cross, and may move forward and keep 
the proper distance as soon as it is reduced. 

The sections, in wheeling, form right angles with each, 
other, and the alignment must be perfect. 

If the Standard Guard is between either of these four sec- 
tions, it obliques to the center as soon as the section in its 
front is about to commence the wheel, and quickly forms a 
close group, facing each other (inward), the Standard sup- 
ported in the center by the three; it resumes its place in. 
column when the same section begins the forward march. 

If so instructed, the Standard Bearer may be detached, and r . 
alone with the Standard, occupy the center of the cross; or 
the Select Commander may do so. 

If there are eight sections (or threes), two crosses will be 
displayed at the same moment and in the same manner, the 
Vice-Commander filling the center of the leading cross, the 
Lieut. -Commander that of the one in the rear; the Stand - 
dard Guard obliques to the center, between the two crosses, 
and halts. Or, the rear sections form square, triangle, etc., 
and reduce them as the cross is reduced. These combina- 
tions are numerous, and when well executed have a fine effects 

It is not so well, however, in the display as in the forma- 
tion of Greek and other crosses. 

The object in wheeling to the right is that the left guides 
may be on the marching flanks. If so instructed, the cross may 
be displayed to the left, and, in absence of the Standard Guard r 
the Select Commander with the Vice and Lieut. -Command- 
ers, may place themselves in the center, back to back, thusr 

.*. They resume their places in column as soon as the lead- 
ing section commences the forward march. 



122 LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 

To Form Greek Cross from Line. 

i. Form Greek Cross, 2. March. 3. Forward, 4. March. 

5. Guide center. 

Four sections being in line, marching, with the Standard 
Guard in the center. 

At the first command the officers command as follows: 

Vice- Commander — 1. First section. 2. Threes left. 

Lieut.- Commander — 1. Fourth section, 2, To the rear, 
3. Threes left. 

Chief of Standard Guard — 1. Center sections and Stand- 
ard Guard. 2. Mark time. 

At the command March, given as the right foot is com- 
ing to the ground, the first section wheels by threes, on 
movable pivots, to the left and marches in column of threes, 
parallel to the front of the second section, toward the center; 
the center sections and Standard Guard mark time; the 
fourth section executes to the rear, march, and immediately 
wheels by threes, on movable pivots, to the left, then marches 
in column of threes across the rear of the third section to 
the center. When the leading three of the first section 
reaches the front of the Standard Bearer, it executes by the 
right flank, forming column of files in front of the Standard; 
the second three advances and executes the same movement, 
from the same ground, the first section forming the upper 
limb of the cross, with the Vice-Commander at the top. 

The leading (being the first) three of the fourth section 
forms column of files in rear of the Standard Bearer, by 
executing by the left flank and marking time; the second 
three of the fourth section right obliques to the rear of its 
first three and executes by the left flank, forming with it the 
lower limb of the cross, with the Lieut. -Commander in its 
rear. The Select Commander gives the fourth command, 
and the cross moves forward. 

If so instructed, the flank sections may wheel by section 
and form the upper and lower parts of the cross without 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 



123 



breaking by threes, and the commands of the Vice and 
Lieut. -Commanders are changed accordingly to, 1. First 
section. 2. Left wheel, etc. 

Similar formations are made by double sections, threes, etc.,, 
to form Passion and other crosses, with or without the 
Standard Guard. 

To Reduce Greek Cross to Line, Etc 

1. Form li?ie. 2. March. 3. Forward. 4. March. 
5. Guide right (or left.) 

At the first command the Vice-Commander, placing him- 
self on its right, commands: 1. First section. 2. By the 
right flank. Lieut. -Commander, placing himself on its left; 
1. Fourth section. 2. By the left flank. Senior Workman: 
1. Center sections and Standard Guard. 2. Mark time. 

At the second command the first section executes by the 
right flank, forming line, and is conducted by the Vice-Com- 
mander to the right of the second section, caused to wheel 
on a movable pivot to the right, then executes to the rear- 
march, and marks time in its place on the right of the line;, 
in the meantime the lower limb of the cross (fourth section) 
executes by the left flank, is conducted by the Lieut. -Com- 
mander to the left of third section, and caused to right 
wheel (on a movable pivot) to its place on the left. 

The Vice and Lieut. -Commanders take their places on the 
right and left as soon as their sections have gained their posi- 
tions, and the Select Commander immediately commands,. 
forward, etc. 

If desired, the cross is reduced into column of sections, as* 
before explained; or cross, formed from column of sections,, 
may be reduced into line, as just explained. (See p. 136). 

To Form Patriarchal Cross. 

Being in column of threes. 



124 LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 

i. Form Patriarchal Cross. 2. March. 3. Forzvard 
4. March, 5. Guide tenter. 

At the second command the first three executes right for- 
ward, files right and takes the short step, when its leading 

— file has advanced two steps; the fourth, 
fifth and eighth threes execute the same 

~ movement and close upon the first three 

in column of files; the second three 

— obliques to the right and marches for- 

— ward, forming the right half of the hori- 
zontal limb of the cross, as explained for 
cross, with number one of the fourth 

three on its left; the third three obliques 

to the left, then marches forward, and 

with the second three and number one of the fourth three, 
forms the upper horizontal arms of the cross; the sixth three 
executes the movement as described for the second three, 
forming the right half (or arm) of the lower horizontal portion 
of the cross, with number three of the fifth three; the seventh 
three executes the movement described for the third three, 
forming in line with the sixth three and number three of the 
fifth three; the Vice and Lieut. -Commanders place themselves 
on the right and left flanks of the lower horizontal limbs, 
and the Select Commander places himself at the head of the 
cross and gives the fourth command. 

[If the Standard Guard is present, the Standard Bearer 
quickly places himself in the center of one of the horizontal 
portins of the cross, the Jun.Work. and Sen. Work, taking the 
outer flanks, or moving with the Standard Bearer; the Vice 
and Lieut. -Commanders leading and following the column, 
and the Select Commander marches four yards from the left 
flank and abreast of the leading horizontal line. These various 
positions are determined by the number in ranks in order to 
preserve the proper proportions of the cross, and upon prin- 
ciples explained.] 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 125 

Cross is formed from column of sections, etc., by similar 
commands and means. 

To Reduce Patriarchal Cross. 
1. Form column. 2. March. 3. Guide left. 

This is executed by means similar to the reduction of the 
Passion Cross, before explained. 

To Form Cross of Salem. 

Being in column of threes. 

1. Form Cross of Salem. 2. March. 3. Guide center. 

Cross of Salem is a Patriarchal Cross, with an additional 
cross at its base, like the one at the top, and is formed by 
similar means; the rear cross forming, as has been explained 
for the upper part of Patriarchal Cross, closing up and unit- 
ing with the lower limb of the Patriarchal Cross. 

The officers take their places, so as to effect the proper 
proportions of the different limbs of the cross, depending 
upon the number of threes (or sections) in the column. 

To Reduce Cross of Salem, 

1. Form column. 2. March. 3. Guide left. 

The cross is reduced by means similar to the reduction of 
other crosses, as before explained. 

To Form Cross of St. Andrew from Column of Divisions 
or Double Sections. 

1 . Form Cross of St. Andrew. 2. Left and right half wheel. 
3. March. 4. Right and left oblique. 5. March. 
6. Forward. 7. March. 8. Guide center. 
At the second command the Vice-Commander commands: 
1. First division [or double section, etc.] 2. Left and 
right half wheel. 

Lieut. -Commander. — 1. Second division. 2. Right and 
left half wheel. 



126 LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 

At the command March the lead- 

ing division (half) wheels inwardly on 

— — fixed pivots, forming a letter V; the 
— — second division (half)wheels outward- 
ly on movable pivots, forming an in- 
verted \', the Standard Bearer retains. 

his place, at the angle of the leading 

— — V, and the others of the Guard place 
— — themselves, abreast, twelve inches in 

his rear, and about six inches apart . 

The Select Commander gives the fourth command in time 
to add March the instant the half wheels are completed, at 
which the leading division faces to its former front and short- 
ens the step a little; the second division faces in the same 
direction, and advancing obliquely toward the center, with- 
out deranging the positions of the shoulders, closes the in- 
terval between its leading files and the distance between them 
and the Standard Guard, so as to form the letter X with the 
Standard Bearer is in its center. The Vice and Lieut. -Com- 
manders quickly place themselves, in echelon, at the heads of 
the cross (the Vice on the right) which marches with full step 
to its present front, late front of the column, at command of the 
Select Commander, who places himself in front of the Stand- 
ard and on a line with the Vice and Lieut. -Commanders. 

If there be no Standard Guard, the Select Commander 
occupies the center, and the Vice and Lieut. -Commanders 
take position as described for the guard. 

To Reduce Cross of St. Andrew. 

1. Form column. 2. Right and left front into line. 3 March. 

4. Guide left. 

At the second command the officers quickly place them- 
selves in front of the several arms of the cross and command i: 
Vice-Commander — (To upper right arm). 1. First section* 

2. Left front into line. 



LEGIOX AND DISPLAY DRILL. 127 

Lieut. Commander-(To lower left arm). 1. Fourth section. 
2. Left front into line. 

Sen. Work. — (To lower right arm). 1. Third section. 
2. Right front into line. 

Jun. Work. — (To upper left arm). 1. Second section. 
2. Mark time. 

[If the arms of the cross are more or less than a section, 
change the command to suit, thus: "Right wing, first di- 
vision. T^eft front into line" etc.] 

At the command March the several sections of the cross 
execute the commands, and the leading section, having formed 
line, marches forward at command of the Vice-Commander ; 
as soon as the second section is unmasked it executes right 
front into line at command of the Jun. Work., and by his 
command obliques into its place in column. The other sec- 
tions are marched into their places by similar commands 
and means, regulating the step so as to immediately gain their 
position in column, and the officers take their places. 

TRIANGLES. 

From Column of Files. 

Station two markers two yards apart, opposite each other, 
near the apex, and one at each angle at the base of triangle 
to be formed. The column being in march, command: 

1. Form triangle. 2. Column half left and right. 
3. March. 

The third command is given when the column is about 
three yards from the markers at the apex. 

The Vice-Commander conducts the column half left, 
parallel to the line of the markers on that side, halts his divi- 
sion when its head has reached the point opposite the place 
where it will rest, and faces it to the right; the Sen. Work, 
follows, conducting his center division until nearing the 
point where the first division inclined to the left, when he 
marches it column half left, in rear of the first division beyond 



128 LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL 

the marker at the angle at the base, marches it. column right 
three yards in rear of and opposite the base of the triangle,, 
halts and faces it to the right; the Lieut. -Commander fol- 
lows, with the third division, to the ground from which the 
first division changed direction, then by column half right 
marches it parallel to the line of markers on that side, halts 
it opposite its place, and causes it to left face. 

Each chief, having faced his division toward the center, as- 
soon as it arrives opposite its place, places himself at his 
proper angle against the marker, and dresses his division up 
to the line toward himself, leaving room for the Commander 
to form the apex, with the Chaplain inside the triangle. 

The Jun. Work, hastens to place himself in front of the 
second division, when it first changes direction, near the 
apex of the triangle 

To Reduce the Triangle. 

I. Column of files. 2. Right and left. 3. Face. 
4. Forward. 5. March. 

At the second command the Vice-Commander and Jun.. 
Work, command: 1. division. 2. Right, the Lieut. -Com- 
mander, 1. Third division. 2. Left, and the chiefs repeat 
the third command. At the command forward, the Vice- 
Commander commands: 1. First division. 2. Stand fast. At 
March the Lieut. -Commander conducts his division back,, 
left in front, over the ground it traversed in, forming the tri- 
angle; the Sen. Work, conducts the second division past the 
rear of the first division, retracing its steps to the point where 
it executed column half left, and there unites in column of 
files with and in rear of the Lieut. -Commander's division,, 
and resumes his own place (the Jun. Work, takes his place as 
soon as the second division commences the forward march); 
the Vice-Commander causes his division to move forward 
in rear of and uniting with the second division as it passes* 
and takes his place in rear of the column. 



LKGIOX AND DISPLAY DRILL. 



I29 



When the divisions are joined in column of files, the Select 
Commander halts and faces it to the right, continues the 
march, left in front, or he commands to the rear, March, 
or uses such other method to bring the right in front as he 
desires. 

To Form Triangle from Column of Threes about a Grave 
or Delta. 

1. Form triangle. 2, Column half right and left. 3. March. 
If the Standard Guard occupies the center of the column, 
the Sen. Work, and Jun.Work. immediately place themselves 
in front and rear of the center column, and at the command 
March, the two left columns march together, column half 
left, and the right division marches colu?n?i half right, con- 
ducted by their chiefs to their places, as before. 
To Reduce the Triangle. 
1. Coliunn of threes. 2. Right and left. 3. Face. 
4. Forward. 5. March. 

The divisions step off together, retrace their steps, con- 
ducted by their chiefs, and each is halted when its rear reach- 
es the ground from which it changed direction at the apex 
of the triangle to march out of column. The Jun.Work. takes 
his place in the second division as soon as it commences the 
forward march; the chiefs of divisions resume their places as 
the column is re-formed. 

If it be desired to form column of files, the commands are 
given as before explained, and the movement is similarly exe- 
cuted. 

To Form Triangle from Column of Threes. 

Being in march. 

1. To half distance, close column. 2. March. 

Executed as before explained. 

1. Form triangle. 2. March. 

At the first command the Jun. Work, hastens to place him- 
self in rear of the rear file of the middle column; the Vice- 



I3O LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 

I Commander, passing by the right to 

eg rear, commands: 1. Files. 2. Right 

^^ into echelon. The Lieut. -Command- 

mM ™ er, stepping to the left of the column, 

*^ ^j^ commands: 1. Files. 2. Left into 

^ a ^ echelon, and both Vice and Lieut. - 

Ha mn Commanders quickly go to the rear 

teg^^pA^^aa^ ^ of their column; the Senior Work- 

\\\\— iU U U U man, without moving from his place, 

\\\c3 commands: 1. Center file. 2 Mark 

\ Nizu time. 

NT== ' At the command March, the cen- 

ter column of files marks time; the leading files of the right 
and left column shorten the step. When these columns have 
passed about half their length, the Senior Work, commands: 
1. Center column. 2. Forward. 3. Column right. 4. 
March, which it executes; and the Senior Work, immedi- 
ately commands: 1. By the left flank. 2. Rear files. 3. Left 
fro?it into line; adding 4. March the instant before the 
Standard Bearer would have turned to the right. 

The Select Knights, w T ho have changed direction to the 
right, face to the left and advance in line by short steps: the 
rear files execute left front into line; the Senior Work, 
quickly takes his place on the right of his division ; the* Vice- 
and Lieut. -Commanders form the last files of their respect- 
ive divisions; the rear division, when formed, closes up on the 
other two with the full step, and the Select Commander 
commands: 1. Forward. 2. March. 3. Guide center, and 
places himself in front of the leading.files, thus completing 
the triangle. 

The triangle may be formed at open order (threes distance) if 
desired, by omitting the command for closing to half distance. 
The center column may form the base of the triangle by 
wheeling around the Standard, as before described for simi- 
lar movement, or the Standard Guard may occupy the cen- 
ter of the triangle, if so instructed. 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. I3I 

To Reduce Triangle. 
1. Column of threes. 2. Mark time, 3. March. 

At the first command the Vice and Lieut. -Commanders 
command their respective divisions to mark time; the Sen. 
Work, steps in front of his division, and commands: 1. Right 
wing. 2. Left zvheel, and the Jun. Work., facing the left wing 
of the second division, commands: 1. Left wing. 2. To the 
rear. 3. Left wheel. At the command March the right and 
left divisions and the Standard Bearer mark time; the half 
of the second division, which is at the right of the Standard 
Bearer, wheels to the left, describing a quarter circle about 
him; the left half of the division executes to the rear, march, 
and immediately commences the left wheel, similar to the 
movement of the right wing # The Sen. Work, commands: 
I. From right take distance by right and left fan ks, and 
adds March the instant the wings have wheeled perpendicu- 
to their late line, when both wings face toward the apex of 
the triangle, and, except the leading file, halts; the leading 
file marches forward, and each Select Knight in succession 
resumes the forward march at the distance of fifty -four 
inches from the one in front. 

Seeing that the head of the center column is nearly up to 
its place, the Commander commands: 1. Form threes. 
2. March. The Sen. Work, and Jun. Work. quickly take their 
places on the right and left of the Standard Bearer, and 
Select Knights in the outer columns face and march directly 
to their places in column of threes; the Vice and Lieut.- 
Commander take their posts at the head and rear of the 
column. The Commander commands: Forward March 
at the proper time. 

Threes in Triangles. 

Being in column of threes, at section distance. 
1. Threes in triangles. 2. March. 
At the command March, given as the right foot strikes the 



I32 LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 

ground, numbers one and three of each three mark 
time and numbers two take two short steps, and 
then all resume the full step. 

If in column of threes, at wheeling distance, it is 
executed as described, the leading three marching 
forward on the third step, and the others halt; each 
three in succession marching forward, at caution of 
its chief, when it has gained section distance from 
the three in its front. 

The Vice and Lieut. -Commanders lead and follow the 
column at half distance (54 inches). 

The Standard Guard forms triangle as other threes. 

1. Form threes. 2. March. 

At March, the Select Knight forming the apex of each 
triangle marks time, the others advance by the short step, and 
the threes, united, march forward. 

To Form Triangle from Column of Sections. 

Being closed to half distance. 
1. Form triangle. 2. Threes half right and left. 3. March. 

At the second command the chief of third section com- 
mands forward; the right three of the leading section wheels, 
on a movable pivot, half right, and upon completion of the 
wheel of one-eighth of a circle, each Select Knight faces to the 
late front, and by oblique steps, shoulders square to the front, 
close the apex of the triangle (to within twelve inches) with 
the left three, which executes the same movements to the left, 
and both mark time; the right and left threes of the second 
section wheel as described, advance obliquely, and unite in 
echelon with the threes of the first section, at the caution of 
their chiefs; the Vice and Lieut. -Commanders take their 
places in echelon at the rear; the third section marches for- 
ward (breaking in the center sufficient to admit the Standard 
Bearer, who halts when the movement is commenced), and the 
Sen. Work, and Jun. Work, place themselves on the flanks 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 1 33 

at the base of the triangle. The Commander forms its apex 
in front. The length of the steps and acuteness of the angles 
necessary will be seen and readily determined on once ex- 
ecuting the movement. 

If there are more than three sections, those in rear form 
a second triangle, a cross, square, etc., as may be indicated 
by the commands and as they may have been before in- 
structed. Double sections may be formed into triangle by 
similar means, the commands being: i. Form triangle. 
2. Sectio?is right and left half -wheel, etc. 

To Re-form Column of Sections. 
1. Form sections. 2. March. 3. Guide center* 

At the command March the Vice-Commander takes his 
place at the head of the column; the leading Select Knights 
take the short step while the others of the first section march 
forward to their places, and the section takes the twenty- 
eight inch step; the threes of the second section march ob- 
liquely toward each other, unite, face to the front, re-form 
the section as just described, and march forward when at 
section distance; the rear section marks time, until it gains 
its place in column, and marches forward ; the Treasurer 
and other officers promptly take their proper places by the 
shortest line. 

To Form Square from Column of Sections. 

Being in march. 

1. Form square. 2. March. 3. Forward. 4. March. 

At the first command the chiefs of sections command as 
follows, viz.: 

1st section, Mark time. 2d and 3d sections, 1. Right 
and left forvjard. 2. Files right and left. 4th section and 
Standard Guard, Forward. 

At the second command the first section marks time; the 
right threes of the second and third sections execute the right 
forward, files right, and close in column of files on the chief 



134 LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 

of first section and mark time; the left threes of the same 

sections execute the left forward, files left, closing up and 

T marking time in rear on the left guide of 

^ mmmmmmtKmtmmm T i section one ; the Standard Guard marches 

■"! forward to the middle of the square, and the 

'mm\ tmj Commander gives the fourth command the 

■ ■ ■ ' ' ' ! instant the fourth section closes the square 

pm \ *m ln rear. The Commander and Lieut. -Com- 

^ u=t—t=i Em mander dart into the square as it is forming 

j,,,,,! an " form a line in front of the Standard 

S Guard, the Commander on the right, the 

| | Lieut. -Commander on the left; or, if so in - 

j j j structed, the Vice and Lieut. -Commanders 

may place themselves on the flanks of the first 
section, and the Sen. Work, and Jun.Work. place themselves 
on the flank of the rear section (to increase the front) ; the sides 
of the square will oblique so as to cover the Vice and Lieut. - 
Commanders instead of the chief and guide of the leading 
section; the Commander and Standard only occupying the 
center, or the Standard alone doing so. 

Formation of square from double sections is similarly exe- 
cuted, and the officers, with the Standard Guard, form line, 
double rank, or triangle within the square. Any odd sections 
in rear form as the Commander shall indicate by commands, 
thus: I. Form square, 2. Rear sections form triangle, etc., 
and are formed and reduced as explained. This applies to 
nearly all the formations of like character. 

To Reduce Square. 

I. Column of sections. 2. Right and left front into line. 
3. March. 4. Guide Left. 
At the first command the Vice- Commander, approaching 
near to the right side of the square, commands, in a low tone, 
Left front into sections; the Lieut. -Commander approaches 
near to the left side of the square and commands, in a low 
tone, Right front into sections; the chief of the fourth sec- 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 



l 35 



tion, mark time. At the command march the first section 
moves forward ; the second and third sections are re-formed 
as indicated by the commands, until each in succession has 
gained section distance, when, at command of their chiefs, 
they take the full step forward, and so with section four. 
The officers immediately resume their proper posts; the 
Standard Guard regulates its steps so as to regain its place 
as soon as the second section advances. 

To Reduce Greek Cross to the Left. 



I. Form column to the left. 
See page 118. 



2. March. 3. Guide left. 



<-«£ 



At the first com- 
mand the Vice-Com- 
mander orders: First 
section by the left 
flank; the chief of 
second section com- 
mands, left wheel; 
the chief of the third 
section, and Lieut. -Commander cautions the third and 
fourth sections that they will have to mark time. The com- 
mand march is given as the left foot strikes the ground, 
when the first section marches by the left flank; the second 
section wheels on a movable pivot to the left and follows 
the first. As the second section is about to pass in front of 
the third section its chief commands: 1. Third section. 
2. Left wheel. 2. March; when it wheels into its place in 
column. The Lieut. -Commander orders, 1. Fourth section. 
2. Forward. 3. March, and when it reaches the rear 
of the column, commands 1. By the left flank. 2. March. 

Or, square may be formed from Greek Cross thus: 

1. Form square. 2. March. 

At the first command chiefs of double section (or sec- 
tions) command: 




I36 LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 

1st and 4th double sections — 1. By the left flank. 2. Right 
wheel. 

2nd and 3rd double sections— Left wheel. 

At the command march, the double 
sections wheel as indicated by the 
commands; the double sections re- 
gulating their steps so that they will 
not interfere with others, and each 
completes its wheel as nearly as pos- 
sible at the same instant. The Com- 
mander, Vice and Lieut-Command 
ers place themselves within the square 
as before explained, and the Commander orders : 

1. By the right (or left) flank. 2. Square forward, 
3. March. 4. Guide center. 

The second and third subdivisions execute by the right 
flank, and with the rear subdivision close to their places 
in the square, and move forward. 

1. Form column. 2. March. 3. Guide left. 

At the second command chiefs of subdivisions see that 
their subdivisions gain their places in column by these move- 
ments. 1 st. Subdivision — Forward; executed by shortening 
the steps a little. 2nd. 1. By the left flank. 2. Right 
wheel, following in trace of the leading subdivision at sub- 
division distance. 

3rd and 4th Subdivisions — 1. . 2. Mark time. 

3rd Subdivision executes, 1. Forzvard. 2. Column right. 
3. March, and having gained its place in column. 1. By 
the left flank . 2. March. 

4th Subdivision. 1. Forward. 2. March, when the 
3rd subdivision is at proper distance. 

The Commander orders Guide Left when the command 
march is given to the rear subdivision, and the full step is 
taken. 



LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 



137 



Or the cross may be re-formed thus: 

1. Form Greek Cross., 2. March. 

The first subdivisions execute the following movements : 

1st and 4th subdivisions — Left -wheel, then by the right 
flank. 

2nd and 3rd subdivisions — Right -wheel, and seeing the 
movements completed the cross marches forward by the 
usual commands and means. 

These hints are deemed sufficient for the execution of the 
movement. . 



To Form Initial Letters From Column of Sections. 

:. Form initial letters. 2. March. 3. Forward. 
4. March. 5. Guide left. 

At the second command the first section stands fast (or 
halts, if the column is in march) and the Vice-Commander 
hastens to place himself in rear of its center; the right three 
of the second section executes right forward, files right, 
and forms a column of files with the Knight on the right 
of the first section; the left three executes left forzuard, 
flies left, closing in a similar manner on the left guide of 
the first section — thus forming the letter E; the third section 
continues the march and halts at full threes distance from 
the rear files of the second sec- 
tion; the fourth section closes to 
half distance, on the third, it* 
left file promptly taking his 
place (in echelon) so that his 
right shoulder will be twelve in- 
ches in rear of the left shoulder 
of number two, of his three; the 
Lieut. -Commander quickly places himself in the same rela- 
tive position with the left file of the section, (or so that his 
right shoulder is twelve inches in rear of the left shoul- 
der of number three of the second three of the fourth 



n 



I38 LEGION AND DISPLAY DRILL. 

section) ; the left guide of the fifth section lengthens his 
steps, inclining slightly to the right and places himself in 
echelon with the Lieut. -Commander so that his left shoulder 
shall be twelve inches in rear of the right shoulder of the 
Lieut. -Commander, and the section closes up so its left file 
(number two) shall cover the right shoulder of number three 
with his left, as described for the others who are in echelon. 
Each section haults when it gains its position. 

The third section, in line, forms the letter I ; the fourth 
and fifth, with the Lieut. -Commander, the letter U. 

If the Standard Guard is in column, the distance between 
the initial letters is section distance (and may be so in its 
absence, if so instructed). The Standard Bearer marches- 
between the threes of the second section, breaks, and takes the 
Vice-Commander's place, who takes his position as a "full 
stop " midway between the letters E and I. The Junior Work- 
man quickly takes the place described for the Lieut. -Com- 
mander, w r ho will form the "period" for the letter U, and the 
Senior Workman forms the period between the I and U. 

The column moves forward and may march by the flank 
by the usual commands, and means. 

To Reduce Inital Letters To Column. 

1. Form column. 2. March. 

At the command ?narc7i the officers and odd files resume 
their places in column of sections; the first section moves 
forward ; the threes of the second re-forms the section by 
executing left and right front into line; each section takes 
up the march on gaining its distance. 

To Form Diamond. 

1. Form diamond, 2. March. 3. Forward. 4. March. 

5. Guide center. 

At the second command the leading section makes a three- 
quarter wheel to the left, on a fixed pivot ; the second advances; 




LEGIOX AND DISPLAY DRIL 139 

to near the ground from which the first com- 
menced the movement, and makes a three- 
quarter wheel to the right on a movable pivot, 
its guidedirecting his movement so that he shall 
gradually approach the right of the first sec- 
tion; the third section obliques to the left about 
half its front, advances to within a little less 
than section distance of the rear of the first 
section, and wheels to the right, so that its left 
will join the left of the first section ; the 
fourth section obliques to the right about half 
its front, advances to the right of the third section, wheels 
to the left so as to close the diamond; each section halts and 
faces to its former front on arriving in its place; the Vice- 
Commander places himself, faced to rear, twelve inches in 
front of the point where the right of the first and left of the 
second sections will rest, and aids the Commander in superin- 
tending and directing the formation, who places himself in 
the center and on a line with the opposite flanks of the sections; 
the Lieut. -Commander quickly places himself in front of 
the Vice-Commander, on a line with the chief and twelve 
inches in rear of the point where the right of the third and 
left of the fourth sections will rest, aiding in directing the 
movements. At the third command the Vice-commander 
faces about; and the diamond marches toward the former 
front of the column at the fourth command. 

To Reduce Diamond. 

1. Form Column. 2. March. 

At the command march the several sections form into 
sections by left (and right) front into line; the first section 
marches forward and the others oblique into their places at 
•command of their chiefs. 



^>nJ\uul oi[ tfye Battalion. 



^aTO manual or drill for a battalion of select Knights 

c s^Phas heretofore been published; jet uniformity and 

>*Y\precision of movement, certainty as to the commands 

I and the particular thing to be done, or that is required 

of the officers and Legions, are essential in public parades. - 

A battalion of Select Knights is composed of two or more 
Legions, not exceeding eight. In emergencies the number 
may be increased, but it is better for the Legions to be con- 
solidated and equalized, or formed in two or more battalions. 

Independent Legions, of marked difference in size, formed 
into column, with bands at irregular distances, detract very 
much from the beauty that whould be the result of a more 
systematic formation. 

The first important thing is promptness. This cannot 
be too strongly emphasized. 

The details of this drill are given as full as the limit ofi 
space admits. 

In. describing the movements, "at one" is sometimes used 
to indicate the first command; "at two" for the second com- 
mand, and so on. Plain abbreviations are also used. 

Who Commands. 
"When Legions appear in public, in their own State or 
out of it, they are under the immediate authority of the 
Grand Commander, if he choses to assume the command. 

If he is not present, an officer upon whom under the con- 
stitution his duties devolve may act in his place. But all are 
under the authority of the Grand Commander in whose 
juridiction they may at the time be." 
140 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. I4-T 

An officer properly in command, and present, may detail 
anv Select Knight under him to assist or to give the oral 
commands; but it would be courteous first to obtain the ac- 
quiescence of the next in rank. 

The Grand Commander is recognized, in this work, as the 
chief in command of battalion. 

If he divides his command into two or more battalions, the 
Grand Officers, according to rank, should command them, 
the Grand Commander directing the several movements. 

The Grand Vice-Commander is second in command. 
There is no such office as adjutant known to the law of 
Select Knights; it is therefore appropriate for the Grand 
Recorder to perform the duties of adjutant when occasion 
requires such an officer. 

It may be remarked en passant that, for similar reasons, 
and that his duties are somewhat assimilated thereto, the 
Treasurer might be utilized as Quarter Master when 
Select Knights go into camp or on excursions. 

When Commands are Repeated and Executed. 

Officers in command of w T ings repeat commands whenever 
necessary; chiefs of Legions repeat those, different from 
the others, which are to be immediately executed by 
their Legions. In successive movements each chief of 
Legion gives the command necessary to insure the exe- 
cution of the movement by his Legion at the proper 
time. Commands are executed on hearing them from the 
Grand Commander. 

Rank and Position of Legions. 

Legions — Grand and Subordinate — take rank according 
to the dates of their several organizations, unless they vol- 
untarily waive their proper rank. 

They form in order of rank from right to left, and in bat- 
talion movements are designated, numerically, from right to 
left when in line, and from front to rear when in column, as 
first Legion, second Legion, and so on. 



I42 SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 

A SquADRON is properly two mounted Legions, but the 
nomenclature of the order forces the use of division (in U.S. 
infantry battalion drill, two companies) in the sense of a mili- 
tary platoon; hence we use squadron to indicate two Legions 
in the Select Knights' battalion drill, if more than two are 
present, whether mounted or on foot. 

In column of squadrons, Legion are designated from the 
head of the column, and from right to left of each squadron, 
as first Legion, second Legion first squadron, and so on. 

The numbers of Legions and squadrons change when, by 
facing in the opposite direction, the left becomes the right of 
the line, and the rear the head of the column. If in passing 
from line into column, or the reverse, the designation is 
changed; they hold their last designation until the move- 
ment is completed, when the chiefs immediately caution ; 
(such) Legion; so with the squadrons. 

The ranking officer of the squadron commands it in col- 
umn of squadrons, having regard to the rank of the officer 
himself, as well as his Legion (unless he waive his right). 

For practice drill large Legions can treat double sec ■ 
tions, or sections as Legions, placing the best drilled Select 
Knights in command. 

Equalization of Legions. 

In drill it is important that the Legions should be equal. 
Large Legions may, for this purpose, be divided into two 
or more, one of wfcich occupies its place according to rank, 
and the others on its left according to the direction of the 
Commander. Small Legions might be consolidated and take 
rank from the oldest Legion, in the consolidation, accord- 
ing to the equities of the case. That is, if a senior Legion, 
taking the right, had one or more supernumeraries, it would 
not be just for these to be consolidated with the junior Legion 
so as to give it fictitious rank. 

The Standards. 

Unless every Legion has its Standard and guard, those 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. J 43 

present could be grouped and form a Battalion Standard 
Guard, which occupies the center of the battalion, with the 
Grand Standard Guard on its right. Its chief is the Grand 
Senior Workman, on its right, unless its number (always the" 
multiple of three) exceed six, when its chief may be detached „ 
the same as a chief of Legion. 

Its numerical strength never exceeds that of the Legions* 
It would doubtless prove satisfactory for the Standard Bearer, 
as left file of the right center division of each Legion, 
to carry a light banner with the "coat of arms" of his 
Legion emblazoned upon it. 

When the Grand Standard Bearer is referred to in this 
drill, it will be understood as the Standard Bearer nearest 
the center of the battalion. 

When chiefs of Legions are referred to, the term applies as 
well, generally, to the chief of the Battalion Standard 
Guard. 

Post of Officers. 

The Grand Commander, Grand Vice-Commander and 
Grand Lieut. -Commander are (supposed to be) mounted, 
and will be called Field Officers. 

The Grand Commander is posted in front of the center of 
the line at a distance equal to about half its front, not exceed- 
ing thirty yards. He goes wherever his presence is necessary. 
*Gr. Com. 



Gr. Lt. Com. * * G. V. C. 



Chiefs of L. * * * * * * * 

Gr.J.W.* f *Gr.S.W. 

The Vice-Grand Commander and Grand Lieut. -Com- 
manders are on a line in front of the centers of the right 
and left wings, at a distance equal to about half the front of 
the wing. 



144 SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 

The Grand Senior Workman and Grand Junior Work- 
man, in maneuvers of the battalion, may act as Adjutant and 
Sergeant- Major respectively, and also as right and left gen- 
eral guides; they are posted on the right and left of the battal- 
ion, except when acting as Adjutant and Sergeant- Major, 
when they are three yards from the flanks, and aid the Gr. 
Vice -Commander and Gr. Lieut. -Commander. 

Officers in charge of Legions, and the chief of the Battal- 
ion Standard Guard, if he is not a part of the Guard itself, 
are two yards in front of the center of their respective 

commands. 

The Markers 

Should, if practicable, be Knights temporarily detached from 
the Battalion Standard Guard or flank Legions, and their 
intervals left for them; otherwise they retire, after the line is 
formed, behind the flanks of the battalion Standard Guard 
[abbreviated Bat.. St. Gd.]; or, in maneuvers, are one yard in 
rear of the right and left flanks of flank battalion Legions in 
line or the same distance from the leading and rear sub- 
divisions on the opposite side from the guide, in column. 
To Form the Battalion. 
The Legions form on their parade grounds at the sound of 
the assembly [in army, at adjutant's call], and the Grand 
Senior and Junior Workmen, each covered by a marker, 
march to the battalion parade ground, when each posts a 
marker, facing the other, at a distance apart a little less than 
the front of a Legion, each standing three yards in rear 
of the marker nearest to him, the Grand Senior Workman 
being toward the right of the line. The Grand Senior 
Workman then takes a side step to the left, the Grand Jun- 
ior Workman to the right, draw swords, face about, and 
each proceeds, Legion distance, toward the right and 
left of the line, when they halt and face about, and again 
cover the markers. The line is prolonged in the right wing 
by the Vice-Commanders (as right guides), who precede their 
Legions, on the line by about fifteen yards and establish them- 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. H5 

selves, facing the markers, each at Legion distance from the 
marker in front of him. The Grand Senior Workman assures 
the position of the right guides, placing himself in their rear 
i(as before described), as they successively arrive. The line 
is similarly prolonged in the left wing by the Lieut-Com- 
manders as left guides, the Grand Junior Workman assur- 
ing their position as they successively arrive. 

The guides invert their swords in front of the center of 
the body, cross-hilt above the head, flat of the blade next 
to them. 

The Battalion Standard Guard is the first established, and 
is conducted by its chief so as to arrive from the rear, par- 
allel with the markers. When it arrives in rear of the 
line it is halted, and its chief, placing himself, facing to the 
front, near the left marker, dresses the guard to the left — [or 
if there is no Battalion Standard Guard, then the right center 
Legion is so dressed by its chief] the breasts of Select Knights 
opposite the markers resting against their arms. The Legions 
of the right wing form successively from left to right, each 
being halted three yards from the line and dressed to the left, 
as explained for the Battalion Standard Guard. The Legions 
of the left wing form successively from right to left, and are 
dressed to the right. In alignments the Vice and Lieut- 
Commanders on the flank toward which the alignment is 
made, if not employed to mark the line, step back to enable 
the chiefs of Legions to align their Legions. 

Each chief commands: i. (such; Legion. 2. Support, 
3. Swords, as soon as the chief next succeeding him in his 
own wing commands front \ the flank Legions support 
szvords as soon as dressed. 

The band forms (at the place designated by the acting 
adjutant) at the sound of the assembly of musicians, which 
precedes the assembly, and marches at the same time with the 
Legions, playing in quick time to its position in line^ 

The Field Officers take their places, the Grand Com- 
mander only facing the line. 



I46 SCHOOL OT THE BATTALION. 

The Grand Senior Workman, having assured the position 
of the Vice-Commanders of the right Legions, faces about, 
marches three yards to the right of the front rank, faces to 
the left, moves two yards to the front, halts and faces to the 
left, and when the last Legion arriving on the line is brought 
to support swords, commands: 1. Guides. 2. Posts. 

At this command the Grand Junior Workman, chiefs of 
Legions, Vice and Lieut. -Commanders and markers take 
their posts in line; the markers passing through the inter- 
vals, made by the Vice and Lieut. -Commanders near them, 
stepping one yard to the front, who then resume their 
places; the Grand Junior Workman takes his position on 
the left flank. 

The chief of Battalion Standard Guard occupies the same 
relative position, if not forming a part of the guard itself, 
and is included when chiefs of Legions are referred to. 

The Grand Senior Workman then passes along the front, 
in rear of the chiefs of Legions, to the center, turns to the right, 
halts midway between the chiefs of Legions and the Grand 
Commander, faces about, brings the battalion to a carry and 
present swords (which the Gr. C. acknowledges by raising 
chapeau) resumes his front, salutes the Grand Commander, 
and reports: Sir, the battalion is formed. 

The Grand Commander returns the salute with the right 
hand, directs the Grand Senior Workman to take your 
post, Sir Knight, draws his sword and commands: !» 
Carry. 2. Swords. 

The Grand Senior Workman faces about, retraces his 
steps, and takes position on the right flank. 

To Open Banks. 

Being at a halt. 

1. Rear open order. 2. March. 

At the first command the Grand Senior Workman 
places himself three yards in rear of the right flank, 
facing to the left; the Grand Junior Workmen places 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 147 

himself three yards in rear of the left of the left flank, faces 
toward the right, and inverts his sword; the Vice-Com- 
manders of the right, and Lieut. -Commanders of the left 
Legions, step back three yards opposite their places in 
line to mark the new alignment of the rear rank; they are 
aligned by the Grand Vice-Commander on the Grand 
Junior Workman who inverts his sword. 

At the command March the front rank dresses to the right 
and the rear rank steps to the rear, passes a little in rear of the 
established line and dresses forward on the Vice Comman- 
ders, who verify the alignments of their respective Legions. 

The chiefs of Legions place themselves three yards in 
front of the center of their Legions, dress to the right and 
cast their eyes to the front as soon as their alignment is 
verified. 

The Grand Commander superintends the alignment of the 
Legion officers and front rank, and the Grand Vice and 
Lieut. -Commanders the rear rank. 

At the command fro ?it, the Grand Vice and Lieut.-Com- 
manders take their places, and the Vice and Lieut. -Com- 
manders place themselves on the line of the chiefs of Legion 
in front of the centers of the right and left wings of their 
Legions; the Grand Senior and Junior Workmen step 
straight to the front and dress on a line of Legion officers; 
the Grand Commander, passing to the center in front of the 
line of Legion officers, places himself, facing to the front, six 
yards in advance of the line of the Grand Vice and Lieut.- 
Commanders. 

To Close the Ranks, 
i. Close order, 2. March. 

At the second command the officers face about and return 
to their places in line; the rear rank closes to facing distance. 
To Open Order in Single Bank. 

The same rules and commands apply, except that numbers 
two step to the rear, as before explained (School of the 
Legion). 



H° SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 

At the command, 1. Close order. 2. March, the rear 
rank resumes its place in the front rank, and the movement 
is completed as before. 

To Dismiss the Battalion. 

Dismiss your Legions. At this order each chief of Legion 
marches his Legion to its parade ground, where it is 
dismissed. 

To March in Line. 

1. Forward. 2. Guide center. 3. March. 

At the second command the right and left general guides 
(Grand Senior and Junior Workmen, advance six yards to 
the front; the Standard Bearer of the center Legion (or 
Grand Standard Bearer, or Standard Bearer of the senior 
Legion if there be a Battalion Standard Guard) advances 
abreast of the Grand Senior and Junior Workmen, the 
Commander of the Battalion Standard Guard takes his 
place in the line. The chiefs of Legions place themselves 
in the front rank on the right of their Legions, and the Senior 
Workmen step back two yards straight to the rear; or, 
if there are two ranks, step back into the rear rank and 
cover their chiefs. 

The Battalion Standard Guard forms the basis of the align- 
ment, its chief following in trace of the standard in its front. 
If there be no Battalion Standard Guard, the right center 
Legion is the basis of the alignment. The chiefs of Legions 
occasionally turn their heads slightly toward the basis of 
alignment (shoulders square to the front) in order to main- 
tain themselves on the same line, each regaining his position,, 
if lost, by almost insensible degrees. 

The Grand Vice- Commander and Grand Lieut. -Com- 
mander place themselves in rear of the battalion, opposite 
their places in line, and superintend the march of the right 
and left wings, from the rear of their centers ; Grand Senior 
and Junior Workmen three yards in rear to assist. 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 149- 

Similar rules govern the battalion movements as are pre- 
scribed for Legions. 

To Face the Battalion to the Rear and March it to the Rear. 

Being inline. 
1. Threes right (or left) about. 2. March. 3. Battalion. 
4. Halt. Or. 3. Guide center. 

At one, the Grand Standard Bearer and general guides, if 
not already there, return to their places in line; the battalion* 
wheels about by threes at the second command. If halted y 
the chiefs of Legions, placing themselves on the flanks of their 
Legions toward the center, dress them in that direction; the- 
Guide or Lieut. -Commanders on that flank step to the rear. 
In wheeling about by threes, when marching in line, each chief 
of Legion describes a semi-circle, whose radius is twenty-two 
inches, and thus places himself on the flank of his Legion, ac- 
cording as before the movement he was on its right or left. 

If the march be continued, after wheeling about by threes,, 
at the command Gttide center, the Grand Standard Bearer 
and general guides advance six yards in front of the line and: 
assume the direction of the march ; the chiefs of Legions, if 
not already there, place themselves on the flanks of their 
Legions farthest from the Standard 

When a battalion in line wheels about by threes, the Field 
Officers, unless otherwise directed, place themselves in rear 
by passing around its flanks. The battalion is then maneu- 
vered by the same commands and means as when facing in 
the opposite direction. 

To march the battalion a few yards to the rear, command:: 

1. Battalion.. 2. About. 3. Face. 4. Forward, 
5. Guide center 6. March. 
Or, if in march, commmand: 

t. To the rear. 2. March. 3. Guide center. 
Officers retain their relative positions until it is again faced 
to the front. 



J 5° SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 

To Oblique in Line and Resume the Forward. 

i. Right (or left) oblique. 2. March. 

Executed as before explained. 

To resume the direct march: i. Forward. .2. March. 

To Halt the Battalion. 

1. Battalion. 2. Halt. 

If the direct march is not to be resumed. 

1. Standard and general guides. 2. Posts. 

The order is obeyed, and chiefs of Legions resume their 
places in front as the guides step into their intervals. 

To Rectify an Alignment. 

Commanders rectify the alignment. 

The chiefs of Legions place themselves on the flanks of 
their Legions toward the Standard (the guides, or files, step- 
ping to the rear) and successively dressing toward the 
center, when the preceding chief commands front. Each 
returning to his place in line after commanding fr ont. 

To Give General Alignment. 

The Grand Commander places himself outside one flank 
of the battalion and commands: 

1. Standard and general guides on the line. 2. Guides on 

the line. 3. Ce?iter. 4. Dress. 5. Standard 

and guides. 6. Posts. 

At one, the Grand Standard Bearer and general guides 
place themselves on the line and face to the Grand Command- 
er, who establishes them by motion of the sword in the di- 
rection he wishes to give the battalion. 

At two, theVice-Commanders of Legions to the right of the 
Grand Standard and Lieut. -Commanders of Legions to the 
left, face toward the Standard, and each places himself 
at Legion distance in rear of the next one before him, and 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 151 

aligns himself on the Standard Bearer and the general 
guides beyond. 

The chiefs of the Legions hasten to place themselves on 
the flanks of their Legions toward the Standard, and the guide 
on that flank quickly passes by the rear and occupies the 
interval left by the guide on the line. 

The left file of Battalion Standard Guard places himself 
in the interval left by the Grand Standard Bearer, and the 
chief occupies the interval so made for him. 

The Field Officers on the right and left wings place them- 
selves outside the general guides and assure the position of 
the guides in their own wings. 

At four, the Legions move up in quick time against the 
guides, and each chief of Legion commands: i. Left (or right} 
2. Dress. 3. Front, according as he is on the right or left 
of the Standard, 

If the new line be oblique and at considerable distance 
from the battalion, the chiefs of Legions conduct their com- 
mands so as to arrive parallel to their places in line, then 
dress, as before explained. 

At the sixth command the officers and guides resume their 
places in line. If the new direction of line be such that 
Legions find themselves in advance, the Grand Commander, 
before establishing guides, causes these Legions to move to the 
rear. 

To Change Direction in Line. 

1. Battalion. 2. Right (or left) -wheel. 3. March. 

At two, the Grand Standard Bearer and general guides 
place themselves six yards in front, as before explained; the 
chiefs of Legions place themselves on the flanks of their 
Legions farthest from the Battalion Standard Guard ; the 
field officer of the left wing places himself on the left of the 
left general guide, and the field officer of the right wing on 
the right of the front rank. 

At the command March, the chief of the right Legion 



^5 2 SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 

-stands fast, or, halts, and is the pivot; the left general guide 
takes the full step, wheels as if on the marching flank; the chief 
of left Legion follows in his trace, preserving distance; the 
Grand Standard Bearer preserves his distance on the line 
with left general guide and pivot, or slightly in rear of it. 

The field officers superintend the movements of the general 
guide and wing nearest them. 

i. Battalion. 2. Halt. Or, i. Forward. 2. March. 
3. Guide center, is given when wheeled sufficiently. 

At forward the Grand Standard Bearer advances to the 
line of the general guides. At the second command resume 
the direct step; the field officers return to their posts. 
To March by the Plank, from Line. 
1. Threes right (or left). 2. March. 

The Grand Commander marches on the side of the guide 
-about thirty yards from the center of the column. The 
Grand Vice-Commander and Grand Lieut. -Commander on 
the same side, about six yards from the head or rear of the 
column, each in his own wing, the general guides between 
them and the column. 

In all movements on the march, from the order in line to 
the order in column, the Grand Standard Bearer, at the pre- 
paratory command, resumes his position in line. 

The battalion may be faced to the right or left from line 
.and marched forward, or marched by the flanks by the usual 
commands for a Legion. 

To Break into Column of Threes from the Right or Left, to 
March to the Left or Right. 

Being in line at a halt. 
1. Column of Threes. 2. Break from the right {ox left) to 
march to the left (or right). 3. March. 

At two, the chief of the right Legion orders: 1. Right 
forward. 2. Threes right. 

At the command March, repeated by the chief, the 
ILeeion moves in column of threes to the front; the chief 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 1 55 

commanding, I. Column left, adding 2. March, the instant 

J J f has advanced Legion 

I = i n r | distance; the guard 

t -h " m P then directshis march 

parallel with the front of the battalion. The chief of the 
second Legion orders: I. Right forward, 2. Threes right, 
adding 3. March when the leading guide of the first Legion 
arrives opposite his right three; the Legion advances and 
changes direction as explained for the first Legion, following 
in its rear. 

The other Legions successively conform to what is 
explained for the second. 

Being in column of threes, the battalion is halted, put in 
march, obliques, changes direction, marches to the rear, forms 
files, sections or divisions, etc., the same as a Legion, substi- 
tuting battalio7i for Legion: 

To Form liine to the Right or Left from Column of Threes. 

1. Threes right (or left). 2. March. 3. Battalion. 
4. Halt. Or, 3. Guide center. 

The Halt is given the instant the threes unite in line. 
Each chief of Legion places himself on the left of his Legion 
(the guides stepping back, as before explained), dresses his- 
Legion to the left, commands front, and places himself irt 
front of its center. 

If the third command be for the guide (on completion of 
the wheel) the Grand Standard and guides advance six yards 
in front of the line, and the chiefs place themselves on the 
flanks of their Legions farthest from the Standard, as before 
explained. 

General Rules for Successive Formations. 

That is, when several subdivisions arrive successively on 
the line. 

In all such, except formation into line by two movements, 
the field officer at the head of the column or nearest the 



*54 SCHOOL OE THE BATTALION. 

foint of rest (where right of battalion is to rest if movement 
be to left, or where left will rest when movement is to right) 
establishes his two markers (facing point of rest) on the line 
opposite the right and left files of the subdivisions first to 
arrive on the line. If formation be central, markers are 
placed on line in front of leading subdivision, facing each 
other. 

In all formations from halt, markers are established at 
preparatory command, indicating direction in which line is 
to extend; if marching, they hasten toward the point of rest 
and are established at command March. In formations on 
right (or left) into line, first marker is established subdivi- 
sion distance to right (or left) of head of the column. 

Formations front into line, they are established subdivision 
distance in front of head of the column. 

Line is prolonged as explained in formation of battalion. 
When line is formed facing to rear, markers permit leading 
subdivisions to pass between, after which second marker 
closes to little less than Legion distance from the first ; if 
formation be central, both markers close toward each other. 
Each guide so posts himself that his subdivision may cross 
line between him and guide next in front, then closes to sub- 
division distance. 

When principles are well understood, markers may post 
themselves without aid of field officers, or guides act when 
practicable. 

To Form Column of Threes on Rigrht or Left into Line. 

i. On right (or left) into line. 2. March. 

From a halt. At one, repeated by chief of the first Legion, 
the other chiefs of Legions order : Forward. 

At March, repeated by all the chiefs of Legions, the lead- 
ing Legion executes on right i?ito line ; the leading three 
arriving at three yards from line, the chief halts the Legion 
and dresses it to right against markers. The other chiefs 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 155 

successively command: i. On right i?iio line, adding March 
when opposite the right of their places in line, halt their 
Legions and dress them, as just. explained. 

If marching, the command to put the Legions in motion 
is omitted. 

To Form Column of Threes, Front into Line. 

i. Right (or left) front into line. 2. March. 

From a halt. At one, chief of first Legion: 
Bight frojit into line. 2. Double time; chief of second 
.Legion: i. Forward, 2. Col- 
\umn right: chiefs of other 
s Legions: 1. Forward. 2. Col- 

j, umn half right. At March ? 

^ repeated, first Legion executes 

right front into line in double 
S time; is halted at three yards 

from line and dressed against 
markers. Chief of second Legion 
conducts it opposite the left of 
its place in line, changes direc- 
tion to the left, and chief com- 
mands: 1. Right front into 
line. 2. Double time, adding 
3. March when at Legion distance from line; places him- 
self in front of its center, and when three yards from the 
line, halts the Legion and dresses it to the left. The other 
chiefs conduct their Legions to a point twice Legion distance 
in rear of the left of their places in line, change direction 
half left, and when at Legion distance from the line, conform 
to what has been explained for the second Legion. 
If marching, omit the command forward. 

To Form Front into Line, Faced to Rear. 

1. Right (or left) front into line, faced to rear. 2. March. 



*5 6 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 



feg 



-/ ga gss sg fc Executed as before explained. 

except Legions are not halted 

till three yards beyond the line; 

A all the threes having arrived in 



**r 



y 



" mi line, where the Legions execute 
threes left about, halt and dress 
to the right. 

In forming line, faced to rear, 
threes wheel about towards the 
£oi?it of rest. 

Formation of Column of Threes 
into Line by two Movements. 

A part of the column having 
changed direction to the right. 

i. Threes left. 2. Rear Legions left front into line. 
3. March. 

Chiefs, whose Legions have changed direction, repeat one 
and three, halt their Legions as threes unite in line, then 
dress to right, remaining on line till Guides Post. 

March is given as head of a Legion is about to change 
direction. Rear Legions execute left front into line. 

To form line faced to rear. Column having changed 
direction as before, 1. Threes right. 2. Rear Legions left 
front into li?ie faced to rear. 3. March. 

This and like formations to the left are executed similar to 
those explained. 

To Form Column of Sections from Line. 
By usual commands and means, or: 

1. Ce?iter forward. 2. Threes left and right. 3. March. 
4. Guide right (or left). 

At two, chief of right center Legion orders: 
I. Left forward. 2. Threes left. Chief of left center 
Legion orders: 1. Right forward. 2. Threes right. Other 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. ^57 

chiefs: Threes left or right, according as they are in the 
right or left wing. 

At March, repeated, column of sections is formed. The 
Grand Commander marches at twelve yards from center of 
column. The field officers of each wing six yards from flank 
of the column, abreast of the leading guide; general guides 
abreast of the guides in rear of the column. 

(The Battalion Standard Guard may lead this movement, 
if present.) 

To Form Line from Column of Sections. 

i. Right and left front into line, 2. March. 

Executed by each wing, as before explained. The mark- 
ers are established for the Battalion Standard Guard [or 
right center Legion, if there be no Battalion Standard 

Guard.] 

To Form Line to the Rigrht or Left from Column of 
Sections. 

I. Threes right (or left). 2. Left Legions on right (or left) 
into line. 3. March. 

The chiefs of right Legions repeat the first and third com- 
mands, halt their Legions as they unite in line, dress them to 
the left and remain on the left until the command guides ,flosts . 
The Battalion Standard Guard and Legions of the left wing 
execute on right into line. The field officer of the left wing 
assures the position of guide of the left Legion. 

To form Column of Legions from Line. 

1. Legions right (or left) -wheel, 2. March. 

At one, the chiefs of Legions repeat right wheel. At. 
march each Legion wheels as before explained, each chief 
halting and dressing his Legion to the left. 



158 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 



Gr.V.C. «*> 



Gr.S.W *»»■ 



G. C. 



foyitr-> 



o~l2yds* 



The chiefs having com- 
manded front, the guides, 
although some of them may 
not be in the direction of 
the preceding guides, stand 
fast, in order that the error 
may not be extended 
through the column; the 
i guides not in direction come 
» into it in march. 

The band is on the flank, 
as shown in the cut, in the 
drill; or may march at the 
head of the column if so di- 
rected. 

If the battalion be in 
march, at the first command, 
the chiefs of Legions place 
themselves before the cen- 
ters thereof; at march pivots 

halt and then turn gradually in their places ; the wheel is 

completed as from a halt. 

In column, the field officers and guides take their 

places, as shown in the plate, and change to the designated 

flank when the guide is changed. [So band changes, if not 

at head of column]. 

To Form Column and Move Forward without Halting:. 

I. Continue the march, 2. Legions right (or left) 

wheel. 3. March. 4. Forward. 5. March. 

6. Guide {right or left). 

Wheel as before; chiefs remain in front of centers. At 
fifth command march forward, or in the direction the field 
officer, at head of column, indicates for leading guide, and 
others follow in his trace, preserving distances. 



Gr.J. W. *ty* 



Gr. L. C. -By 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 159 

The battalion breaks into column of squadrons, etc., in 
the same manner, substituting squadrons for Legions. The 
chief of squadron performs the same duties as chief of 
Legion, the junior chief places himself in the interval be- 
tween the two Legions, if not already there. The guide on 
the right or left of the squadron is its guide. 

In wheel by squadron, if there be an odd Legion, its chief 
commands: i. Forward. 2. Guide right (or left), accord- 
ing as the wheel is to the right, or left, repeats the command 
march, adding: 1. Right (or left) wheel in time to add 
2. March when the Legion has advanced Legion distance, 
when it wheels on a fixed pivot, is halted and dressed as 
before explained. 

To Form Column of Legions to the Hear from Line. 

1. Right of Legions, rear into column. 2. Threes 
right. 3. March. 

k . Being at a halt. At the 

* -^—- — a fl — H -l }J j first command each chief 



§—>piaces himself four feet in 
I! l| i 1 front of the right file of his 

Legion facing to the right; at threes right, cautions the right 
three to wmeel to the right about. The movement is exe- 
cuted as in divisions, q. v. 

Squadrons are formed in column to the rear by similar 
commands and means. 

To Break From the Right or Left, to March to the 
Left or Right from Line. 

1. Legions break from the right (or left) to march to the 

left (or right). 2. March. 

Being at a halt. 

At one, the chief of the first Legion orders, 1. Forward. 

2. Guide left. At march, repeated by its chief, the right 
Legion moves forward, the chief commanding, 1. Left 
turn, adding 2. March when the guide has advanced Legion 



l60 SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 

distance; the left guide then inarches on a line parallel with 
the front of the battalion. The second Legion executes the 



movement by the same commands and means; its chief put- 
ting it in march when the first Legion arrives opposite its left; 
the guide, after turning, follows in trace of the left guide of 
the first. The others successively execute the same move- 
ment. Don't lose distance. 

To March Column Forward, Halt it, Face it to the 
Hear, Etc. 
Executed by commands and means similar to like move- 
ments of a Legion. 

To Change Direction in Column, 
i. Column right (or left). 2. March. 
Being in march. At the first command, a marker places. 
himself abreast of the guide, on the left of the leading sub- 
division. The chief of this subdivision commands: Right 
wheel, repeats the March, and on completion of the wheel,, 
commands: 

i. Forward. 2. March. 
The marker, at the command 
march by the Grand Commander, 
-a f ° ^ ' d "" halts and faces to the column, re- 

' ! mains until rear has passed, and 

returns to his place in rear of first subdivision. Other subdivis- 
ions change direction on the same ground by the same 
command and means. 

To put column in march and change direction at the same 
time: 1. Forward. 3. Guide left (or right). 3. Column: 
right (or left). Or, 3. Column half right, etc. 




SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. l6l 

To Form Line to the Left or Right from Column. 

i. Left (or right) i?ito line -wheel, 2. March. 3. Guides. 
4. Posts. 

Being at a halt. At the first command chiefs of Legions 
caution, left wheel; the right guide of the leading Legion 
places himself facing the leading guide of the column at 
nearly Legion distance in front of him, so as to be opposite 
one of the right files of the Legion when the wheel is com - 
pleted; the guide is assured in his position by the field officer 
at the head of the column. 

At march, the Legions wheel to the left on fixed 
pivots. Each chief of Legion faces his command to observe 
the wheel; moves toward the point where its marching 
flank is to rest, and when it is near the line commands: 1. Le- 
gion. 2. Halt. At halt the chief of Legion places himself on 
the line, by the side of the left file of the Legion next on 
the right, then commands, 1 . Right. 2. Dress. 3. Front. 
At dress the Legion dresses up between its chief and its 
left file; the file of the right Legion, who finds himself 
opposite its right guide, rests his breast lightly against the left 
arm of their guide. 

If marching, line is similarly formed, guides halt, and 
wheel is on fixed pivot. 

To Correct Alignment. 

Being at a halt. The Grand Commander, placing him- 
self in front of the leading guide, and facing him, establishes 
himself and guide next in rear, then commands. 
1. Right (or left) guides. 2. Cover. 

Right guides exactly cover those in front at subdivision 
distance; field officers in front and rear of column facing 
guides assist. 

1. Right (or left). 2. Dress. 

Chiefs repeat, align their subdivisions, and command, 
Front. If a Legion is out of place, chiefs give necessary 



l62 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 



preparatory (forward, backward or side step) adding march, 
at command dress by Grand Commander. When it ap- 
proaches guide, chief halts and dresses it up to the guide. 

To Form Line and Move Forward. 

i. Continue the march. 2. Left (or right) into line wheel. 
3. March. 4. Forward. 5. March. 6. Guide center. 

Wheel on fixed pivots, which mark time as explained; 
guide remains on flank of leading Legion. At the sixth 
command standard and general guides step six yards to front 
of line, and chief of Legion places himself in front rank, as 
before explained. 

Column of Squadrons is formed in line similarly ; the 
chiefs of squadrons command, 1. Right. 2. Dress; then (to 
Legion on his left), 1. (such) Legion. 2. Front; the 
junior chief of Legion. 1. (such) Legion. 2. Front (to Le- 
gion on his left). Odd Legion moves up to Legion distance, 
its guide covering guide in front, if not there. 

Practice these without equalizing Legions; put column in 
march, Legions gain trace and distance of guides by 
obliques at the command of chiefs. Grand Commander 
assists to gain distance by causing to mark time or take short 
.steps; those not at proper distance, etc., gain it. 

To Form Column on Right or Left. 

t 



3* hJ tr 



Being in march, change guide, if not there, to flank 
towards which movement is to be made. 

1. On right (or left) into line. 2. March. 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. l6j 

At one, chief of first Legion commands: Right turn, 
and repeats march; arriving at three yards from markers, chief 
halts and dresses it to the right. The other Legions con- 
tinue the march, each chief giving command, i. Right tur?i y 
adding, 2. March, upon arriving opposite the right of its 
place in line, and are halted and dressed as explained for 
first Legion. 

To Form Column Front into Line from a Halt. 

1. Right (or left) front into line. 2. Legions right (or 

left) half wheel. 3. March. 4. Forward. 

5. March. 6. Guide left (or right). 

At one, chief of first Legion: 1. Forward. 2. Guide left. 

At second command all other chiefs of Legions caution 

L* ^ m right half wheel. At third com- 

'^^usssk^ss^.v™ --HrnrrriiibHB^j j^n^ repeated by chiefs, the 

: first Legion advances, and when 



■ y Jt— «-— »Jtsv- ! nrst region auvances, anu wnen 

zr?\jf\ / \ three yards from line, is halted 

S*-. S V \ qtiH HtpccpH to left flcrninsf- mart. 



/ » / \ \ and dressed to left against mark- 

°VV /( r / ers; the other Legions wheel 

11 ; ; - * * //' / nal ^ r ig nt on fixed pivot, chiefs 

f V// S repeating fourth, fifth and sixth 

j - ' Y y S commands. At fifth command, 

/\ / given the instant the eighth of 

/ °\ / circle is completed, they cease to 

wheel and march forward. At 

sixth command the left guides of Legions march directly to 

their front. 

The left of the second Legion arriving nearly opposite 
the right of the first, its chief commands, 1. Left half turn , 
and adds, 2. March, the instant left of Legion is opposite 
its place in line, and its chief commands, 1. Legion. 2. March 
at three yards from the line, then dresses his Legion to the 
left. 

When left of third Legion arrives opposite right of the 
second, it turns half left, is halted and dressed as just pre- 



164 SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION 

scribed, and other Legions execute successively what is pre- 
scribed for the third. 

In march the movement is similarly executed, the leading 
Legion approaches markers with guide toward point of 
rest, at command of chief of Legion; if necessary, at pre- 
paratory command, 

To Form Column Front into Line, Faced to Bear. 

Executed as before, except Legions march three yards 
beyond the line; wheel about 

r -x-:"rr-r--r; rT ^Q^%> by threes, halt and are dressed 

issU^^^^ssscs^Lv*^^., 1 ...,, -aa i toward the point of rest. 



To Form Column of Legions 
into Line by two Movements. 

The column havings partly 

changed direction to the right, 

I. Left into line wheel, 2. Rear 

Legions left front into 

line, 3. March. 

At one, chiefs of Legions 

which have changed direction 

caution left wheel. At second 



command, chief of each rear Legion commands, left half 
-wheel. At march repeated by chiefs of rear Legions, those 
which have changed direction to right execute left into line 
wheel, rear Legions left front into line as before described; 
the chiefs of rear Legions, upon completing the half wheel, 
adding 1. Forward. 2. March. 3. Guide right. 

Column having partly changed direction to the left, line is 
formed by similar commands and means. 

To Advance by Flank of Subdivision from Line 

I. Legions (or squadrons), 2. Right (or left) fc 
ward. 3. Threes right (or left). 4. March. 
5. Guide {right, left or center.) 
Each Legion {or squadron) executes right fortuaru 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 165 

threes right. The Grand Commander marches abreast of 
chiefs of leading subdivisions, twelve yards from flank, on 
the side of guide; or if guide be center, then on either flank, 
other field officers six yards outside of column abreast of 
subdivisions: they are covered by general guides who march 
abreast of rear guides. 

To Form Line from Subdivisions when Marching* by the 
Flank of Subdivisions. 

1. Legions (or squadrons) 2. Right (or left) front into 

line. 3. March. 4, Battalion. 5. Halt. 
Each Legion (or squadron) executes the second command 
and is dressed to the right. 

If executed in double time, the Grand Commander com- 
mands: Guide center, immediately after the command 
March; the standard and general guides advance six yards 
in front of line, and chiefs of Legions place themselves on 
the flanks of their Legions farthest from the Battalion Stan- 
dard Guard, the guides on that flank stepping back, as be- 
fore explained, except the guides on the flank Legions of 
the battalion. 

To Form Column of Subdivisions when Marching: by the 
Flank of Subdivisions (and the reverse). 

1. Threes right (or left). 2. March. 3. Guide right (or 

left), etc. 

To March by the flank of Subdivisions from Column of 
Threes, etc. 

1. Legions (or squadrons, etc.) 2. Column right (or left). 
3. March. 4. Guide right, (left or center.) 
The same command, omitting the fourth, re-forms column 
of threes ; each chief of Legion goes to the head of his 
Legion; the squadrons unite in column of threes. 

To Form Column of Threes from Column of Leg-ions or 
Squadrons and to Form Again in Column. 

1. Legions (or squadrons). 2. Right {or left) forward. 
2. Threes right (or left). 4. March. 



l66 SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 

To form again in column: 

I. Legions (or squadrons). 2. Right (or left) front into 

line. 3. March. 4. Battalion. 5, Halt. 

Or 4. Guide left (or right). 

The subdivisions execute these movements simultaneously. 
Or these movements may be executed by Legions success- 
ively, if so ordered, by designating them. They may also 
be executed in like manner by any subdivision of battalion. 

To Close Column to Half Distance. 

Being at a halt. 
1. Close column to half distance. 2. Forward. 3. March. 
4. Guide left (or right). 

At two, the chief of the leading sqadron (or Legion) com- 
mands, 1. First squadron (or legion). 2. Stand fast; 
the other squadrons march forward and are successively 
halted and dressed to the left by their chiefs when they 
arrive Legion (or division) distance. 

To Deploy Column. 

See Legion and Display Drill. 

To Form Line to the Bight or Left from Column of Squad- 
rons, etc., at Half Distance. 

I. Right (or left) into line wheel. 2. Left (or right) Le- 
gion on right (or left) into line. 3. March. 

At one, the chiefs of right Legions caution, 1. (Such) 
Legions. 2. Right wheel; the left guide of the leading 
right Legion places himself on the line of the right 
guides, facing them, and so as to be opposite one of the three 
files on the left of his Legion; chiefs of left Legions: 
1. Forward. 2. Guide right. At march, repeated by chiefs, 
the right Legions wheel into line to the right; the left Le- 
gions move forward, and when the leading one is opposite 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION, 



167 




its place, executes on right i?ito line. The field officer of 
the left wing assures the position of the guides of the left 
Legions. 

If marching, the Grand Commander orders guide on flank 
towards which movement is to be made, if not there, and 
chiefs of Legions omit the forward, march. 

To Form Column of Legions from Column of Squad- 
rons, and the Reverse. 



1. Right (or left), by Legions. 2. 
left (or right) 



March. 3. Guide 



Being at a halt. At the first command chiefs of right 
Legions : Forward; chiefs of left Legions : Right oblique. 
At march, repeated by chiefs, right Legions move forward, 
chiefs repeating command for guide ; the chiefs of left 
Legions command march the instant their Legions are dis- 
engaged, at which they oblique to right, shortening the step 
slightly. When they are in rear of right Legions their 
chiefs command, 1. Forward 2. March. 3. Guide left; 
the second command is given the instant the left guide 
arrives in trace of the left guides of the right Legion. 

1. Form squadrons left (or right) oblique. 2. March. 
3. Battalion. 4. Halt. 

Being in column of Legions. 

At one, chief of right Legion of each squadron: 1. For- 
•ward. 2. Guide left; chief of left Legion: Left oblique. 
At march, repeated by the chiefs, leading Legions move 
forward ; rear Legions oblique to left. The fourth com- 



i68 



SCHOOL OF THE BATTALION. 



mand repeated by chiefs of leading Legions, is given when 
they have advanced Legion distance ; each chief dresses 
his Legion, being careful that guides cover, and places him- 
self in front of its center. 

To Change Front of Battalion. 

i. Change front on first (or eighth) Legion . 2. Legions 

right (or left) half wheel. 3. March. 4. Forward. 

5. March. 6. Guide right (or left). 

At one, chiefs, if not there, place themselves in front of 
centers of their Legions. 

Ac two, chief of right Legion: 
Right wheel; other chiefs cau- 
tion right half wheel. At march 
repeated by chiefs, right Legion 
right wheels on fixed pivot, 
and its chief commands, 1. For- 
ward. 2. March. 3. Guide 
right, and having arrived at 
three yards from the line, its 
chief halts it and dresses it to 
right, against the markers. 

The other Legions make half 
wheels to right on fixed pivots, 
and movement is completed similar to left front into line 
from column of Legions. The chiefs of rear Legions com- 
mand, 1. Fight half turn, adding. 2. March, when 
their right guides are opposite their places in line. 

(See cut.) 

Oblique change of front on first (or eighth) Legion is 
similarly executed. 

Change of front on right or left Legion and face to rear 
is executed, by adding faced to rear to the first command, 
and similar to front into line faced to rear from column of 
Legions. 



fc 



iftmoits to fie 5ai3 % ^elect 
gmgfys. 



(A 



_ LL the honors due to official position should be paid 

Lfc* in such manner as to reflect credit on the order. 

/^ 1 i, The Supreme Commander is saluted by all 

J standards and banners drooping, officers and Select 

Knights saluting ("officers present"), bands and trumpets 

sounding u Hail to the Chief." 

2. Grand Commander -, within his own jurisdiction, by all 
standards and banners drooping, officers saluting, Knights 
in ranks present, and trumpets sound a march. 

3. Supreme V r ice- Commander and Supreme Lieut,- Com- 
mander ; same as Grand Commander, except trumpets give 
three flourishes. 

4. Grand Vice and Lieut.- Commanders within their State, 
same as Grand Commander, except trumpets give two 
flourishes. 

5. Select Commanders by their own Legions; same as 
Grand Commander, except trumpets give a flourish. 

6. Other Grand Officers and distinguished visitors; stand- 
ards and banners drooping, officers salute and Select 
Knights in ranks present. 

7. President of the United States, or Governor within his 
own State; same as Select Commander. 

Sentinels face in the direction of their beat, towards the 
personage, and present when officers above the rank of 
Senior Workman, or Legions, cross it. 

169 



170 HONORS TO BE PAID BY SELECT KNIGHTS. 

Reserve Guards turn out and present on the approach, 
of the Officer of the Day, Commander of the Camp, Grand 
Commander in his jurisdiction, and the Supreme Comman- 
der, during the day time; or at night, if so ordered. 

VISITATIONS AND COURTESIES WITHOUT ARMS. 

At Grand Legions, among the memorable events are the 
visits between Legions. If the little courtesies are grace- 
fully attended to, they add to the dignity and pleasure of 
the occasion, and per contra, the failure to observe them 
detracts to that extent from the enjoyment. 

When a Legion contemplates a visit to another r the Vice- 
Commander* calls at the quarters of the Legion to be visited,, 
presents his Legion card and ascertains at what hour it will 
be convenient for that Legion to receive a visit from the 
Legion he represents. This being settled, the Legion forms,, 
dressed in the uniform coat, pants, caps and belts (without 
swords or cuffs, unless it is a dress occasion), and appears in 
front of the quarters of the Legion to be visited, at the time 
agreed upon. Both Legions being in line, the hand salute 
is exchanged, and the visiting Legion is conducted into 
quarters, and is shown such attention as the Legion visited 
is prepared to give. 

The call should be terminated before the interest fags; and,, 
on leaving, courtesies are exchanged as before. 

If a Legion is "receiving," a formal introduction by 
Legions may be made, and the visit shortened, that an uu- 
wieldy and crowded company may not detract from the 
pleasures, and give place to others. 

Those who are expected to respond to sentiments, should 
be notified in time to collect their thoughts in a very shorty 
pithy speech. 

*Or Knight detailed for the duty, who should be in full dress. 



^scui^ts ni[ Jf onnif. 



KNIGHTS who are well drilled, and none others, 
should form a part of such an escort : first, for 
the credit of the Legion ; second, that it may be 
considered a compliment to be so detailed and 
stimulated to increase attention to the tactics. The escort 
forms in line, the center opposite the place where the person 
to be escorted will present himself, with an interval between 
the wings to receive him and his staff, the band on the flank 
of the escort towards which it will march. On the appear- 
ance of the party to be escorted, he should be received with 
the honors due him. When he takes his place between the 
wings, the escort is wheeled into column of divisions, sec- 
tions, or threes, and takes up the march. On leaving, the 
escort line is formed, and the same honors are paid as be- 
fore. When the position of the escort is at a considerable 
distance from the point where the person is to be received, as, 
for instance, when a court -yard or wharf intervenes, a double 
line of sentinels is posted from that point to the escort, facing 
inward ; the sentinels successively present swords as he 
passes; when he has passed six yards, they break by files into 
double column and re-join the escort. An officer or some 
Select Knight should be appointed to attend the person to 
be escorted, to bear any communication he may have to 
make to the Commander of the escort. 

Escort of Legion too Large for a Small Detachment to 
Observe the Form Just Given. 

The escort is formed in line parallel with the line of march, 
the right resting farthest from the point of reception. The 

171 



172 ESCORTS OF HONOR. 

Commander and a Select Knight attend upon the visiting 
Legion, When all is ready, the Vice-Commander is given 
proper notice, and the Commander or Select Knight con- 
ducts the Legion to be escorted in front of and past the 
escort, which presents swords. The Legion to be escorted 
marches past in column of threes, sections, or divisions, officers 
and standards saluting, Knights at a carry, and halts when 
the rear is about fifteen yards from the band of the escort, 
wheels into line, and the escort marches past with the same 
honors exchanged as before; the Commander and Select 
Knight rejoining his Legion as it passes. The march is 
taken up by the escorted Legion, which follows the escort 
in column of divisions, sections or threes, halts in front of 
the quarters of the escorted, forms line, presents swords, 
and the guests march past into their quarters. 

Reception and Escort of a Grand Officer. 

A 

^USTICE and courtesy to a Grand Officer, making an 
official visit, requires that he should be received with 
all the formalities to which his rank entitles him. 
The escort is commanded by the next in rank to the 
presidng officer; or if the body is not in session, by the chief 
himself. 

At the command prese?it swords, the honors are gi^en as 
described, and the escort is conducted as before explained, 
according to circumstances. 

For the Supreme Commander : Past Grand Officers, or 
Past Commanders should be selected as the escort, if practic- 
able. For the Grand Commander: Past Select Command- 
ers should compose the escort, if it can be conveniently 
done, unless they should happen to be awkward in ranks, in 
which case they ought not to be selected in any event, if 
well drilled Select Knights can supply their places. 



Dijess ^aifailE. 



c 



O/VT HE Field Officers are dismounted. From the nature 
of his duties, it is most appropriate for the Grand 
Recorder to act as Adjutant, but, it having been made 
the duty of the Grand Marshal, he, or some -well 
qualified Knight should perform this especial duty. 

The battalion is formed as before explained, [or if it be 
of but one Legion, its divisions are officered and are treated 
as Legions, the Select Commander acting as Grand Com- 
mander, and the Recorder as Adjutant.] 

The Grand Commander, as commanding officer, takes his 
post at a convenient distance in front of the center, facing 
the line (generally a distance equal to about one-half its 
front) and stands with arms folded until just before the com- 
mand to present, when he comes to attention. 

The Grand Commander's staff may form in line six yards 
in his rear. 

The Acting Adjutant having commanded guides, posts, 
directs the first Commander to bring his Legion to parade 
rest. Each Commander in succession, commencing on the 
right, faces about, and commands: 

i. (Such) Legion. 2. Carry. 3. Swords. 4. Parade, 
5. Rest, and faces to the front. 

The Acting Adjutant then commands, Sound off, and 
takes the position of parade rest. The band, commencing 
to play in common time, marches six yards to the front, 
then to the left past the left of the line, and back over the 
same ground to its place, playing in quick time, giving a 
flourish before starting, after the counter-march at the left, 
and on its return to the right. 

173 



174 DRESS PARADE. 

The Acting Adjutant steps two yards to the front, faces to 
the left, and commands: 
i. Battalion. 2. Attention. 3. Carry. 4. Swords. 
5. Rear open order. 

Aligns the guides of the rear rank, again comes to the 
front and commands, 6. March, verifies the alignments, 
commands, 7. Front, and passes in rear of the line of com- 
manders to the center, turns to the right, marches to a 
point midwav between the Grand Commander and the line 
occupied by the commanders, faces about, and commands : 
1. Present. 2. Swords. 

To this the Grand Commander raises his chapeau in 
acknowledgment. The Acting Adjutant then faces about, 
salutes the Grand Commander and says : 

Sir, the parade is formed. 

The Grand Commander saluting with the hand: 
Take your post, Sir Knight, 

The Acting Adjutant passes by the right of the Grand 
Commander, two yards to his rear, faces to the right, marches 
one yard to the left of the Grand Commander and two yards 
retired and faces the battalion. The Grand Commander now 
draws his sword, commands, Carry, Swords, and exercises 
the battalion in the manual, concluding with, Order, Swords. 
He directs the Acting Adjutant to Receive the reports, and 
returns his sword. 

The Acting Adjutant retraces his steps to the point at 
which he saluted the Grand Commander, and commands^: 
1. * Recorders to front and center. 2. March. 

At the first command, the Recorders come to a carry; at 
the second, they step one yard to the front and face to the 
center; the drum-major also steps one yard forward, and 
faces to the left. At march, they close on the center in front 
of and between the standard and Acting Adjutant, one yard 

* Vice -Commanders or right files may be substituted for Recorders if 

desired. 



DRESS PARADE. 175 

from the former, and successively face to the front. The 
Acting Adjutant then commands, Report. At this com- 
mand the drum-major* and Recorders, commencing on the' 
right, successively salute and report, Band present or ac- 
counted for, or (so many) absent. The Recorders report 
(such) Legion No. — present or accounted for , or give the 
number present and the number absent. When completed, 
the Acting Adjutant commands : 

1. Recorders. 2. Outward. 3. Face. 4. To your posts. 
5. March. 

Then they all retrace their steps and resume order arms. 

The Acting Adjutant faces about, salutes, and says, Sir, 
all present, or accounted for; or he reports the number 
absent. 

The Grand Commander acknowledges the salute and says, 
Publish the orders, Sir Knight. The Acting Adjutant, 
facing the battalion, says : 

Attention to orders, 

Returns his sword and reads the orders. After which he 
draws his sword, faces about, salutes the Grand Comman- 
der and reports : 

Sir, the orders are published. 

The Grand Commander acknowledges the salute, and 
directs the Adjutant to 

Dismiss the Parade, Sir Knight. 

At which the Acting Adjutant, facing the Battalion, 
commands: 

Parade is Dismissed. 

The Commanders, Vice-Commanders, and Lieut.-Com- 
manders now return their swords, face to the center, step off 

*The drum-major before making - his report, salutes by bringing - his 
staff to a vertical position, the head of the staff up and opposite the 
left shoulder. 



176 DRESS PARADE. 

at the same ..me with the Acting Adjutant, close upon the 
center, and successively face to the front, the Field Officers 
on the flanks. The two nearest the center preserve an in- 
terval for the Acting Adjutant, who passes through, one yard 
to the rear, halts, faces about, steps into his place, and 
commands: 

1. Forward. 2. Guide center. 3. March. 

The band plays, and when within five yards of the Grand 
Commander, the Acting Adjutant commands: 

1. Officers. 2. Halt. 

At the second command the officers halt and salute with 
the hand; the music ceases; the hands remain at the visor 
till the salute is acknowledged, and drop at the same time 
with the Grand Commander's hand, who gives such instruc- 
tion as he desires, which concludes the ceremony, and the 
officers disperse; the band plays; the Senior Workmen 
command: 

1. (Such) Legion. 2. Carry. 3. Swords. 4. Close 
Order. 5. March. 

At the command march, the Senior Workmen march the 
Legions to their quarters and dismiss them, as they may 
have previously have been instructed. 

It would add much to the display if, after the parade is 
dismissed, the Legions should march off in echelon, Legion 
front, beginning on the right; the second Legion starting 
when the first has marched Legion distance, or half Legion 
distance. 




IjEYiBW. 




(eviewing officer takes post in front of the center 
of battalion, the point being indicated by a marker, 
or standard, previously established. The Acting 
Adjutant also posts markers at points where the 
column will have to change direction in order that the right 
flank, in passing, shall be at six or eight yards from the 
reviewing officer, whose staff, or other grand officers, are in 
his rear. 

The officer in command, being in front of and facing the 
center, commands: 

i. Prepare for review. 2. Rear open order. 3. March. 
4. Front. 

At the command march, the ranks are opened and the 
lines are dressed as before explained. 

Officer in command, seeing the ranks aligned, returns to 
the right of the line of chiefs of Legions, faces to the left, 
commands Front, and passing to the front of this line of 
officers, places himself six yards in front of the line of field 
officers, opposite the center and facing to the front. The 
reviewing officer now approaches a few yards and halts, 
when the officer in command faces about and commands: 
1. Present. 2. Swords. 

The officers, standards, and Knights present, and if the 
reviewing officer be the grand officer, the band plays a march 
or trumpets flourish, according to his rank. Officer in com- 
mand faces about and salutes with the sword. The review- 
ing officer acknowledges the salute by raising his chapeau, 
the band ceases to play, and the officer in command again 
faces the line and commands: 

177 



178 REVIEW, 

i. Carry. 2. Swords. 

He joins the reviewing officer, who proceeds to the right 
of the band, and passing to the left in front of the line of 
chiefs of Legions, returns in rear of the rear rank, the band 
playing until he leaves the right to return to his station. 

The officer in command now returns to his post in front of 
the center and commands: 

1* Close order. 2. March. 

Which having been executed, he adds: 

1. Legions (divisions or sections), right wheel. 
2. March. 
At the second command, the Legions break into column 
of Legions (divisions or sections). 

The band wheels and marches so that its rear rank will be 
nine yards in advance of the leading chief of Legion. The 
Grand Vice Commander, Grand Lieut. -Commander and 
Grand Workman on the left of the column. 
The officer in command now commands: 

1. Pass in review. 2. Forward. 3. Guide right. 4. March. 

The band plays; the column advances and changes di- 
rection to the left, and again to the left, at points indicated, 
so as to pass about six yards in front of the reviewing officer, 
and without command from the officer in command, who 
takes his place three yards in advance of the chief of the 
leading Legion (or officer in command of the leading sub- 
division), after the second change of direction. The band, 
having passed the reviewing officer, wheels to the left out of 
column, takes post in front and facing him, where it remains 
till the rear of the column has passed, when it counter- 
marches to the rear and returns to its place before the re- 
view, ceasing to play when the column approaches its 
original position. If there is more than one Legion (not in 
battalion formation) each band ceases to play when the rear 
of its Legion has passed the reviewing officer, and follows 



REVIEW. 179 

in its rear until its Legion is halted, when it passes by the 
rear to its place on the right. 

When the column is passing in review, the officers and 
standards salute, each commencing six yards from the re- 
viewing officer, and resuming the carry when six yards past; 
the Knights in line retain the carry. 

If the reviewing officer be entitled to it, the trumpets 
flourish, etc., as before explained, and the band continues to 
play. 

The drum-major, marching in review, passes the staff be- 
tween the right arm and the body, the head to the front, and 
salutes with the left hand. 

In saluting, all the officers turn the head and look toward 
the reviewing officer, who acknowledges only the salutes of 
the officer in command and the standards. 

The officer in command having saluted, places himself, if 
mounted, on the right of the reviewing officer, and there 
remains until his battalion has passed, when he rejoins the 
battalion. The head of the column having executed a second 
change of direction to the left, after passing the reviewing 
officer, the officer in command commands guide left, and 
when it arrives on its original ground, wheels it into line, 
ranks are opened and swords are presented as before; this 
being acknowledged, terminates the review. 







{^Eneijal 5jaijarlE. 



ENERAL PARADES are unfortunately often 
marred by some one. who seems to have little regard 
for well devised plans ; among Select Knights, how- 
ever, a cheerful obedience to law is expected from all. 
It requires very little individual effort to conform to rules, 
and their general observance would add materially to the 
pleasure at general gatherings. 

When Grand Legions are to form for street parade, the 
observance of the following rules is important. 

i. General Headquarters should be established; its 
chief and staff prepared at all hours to furnish information 
concerning existing orders; localities of grand or subordinate 
Legions; assignment of quarters for new arrivals; a post 
office for mailing or distributing letters to individuals (or 
Legions), etc., rosters, alphabetically or systematically ar- 
ranged, so as to be of some use. In short, a place where any 
reasonable demand would be met with courteous and intel- 
ligent response. 

2. Grand Legions should have headquarters, with some 
one constantly in attendance who could give information con- 
cerning the subordinate legions or Select Knights of that 
command. 

3. Headquarters for every subordinate Legion present, 
and at least an intelligent servant left in charge, who could 
receive and properly deliver messages, letters, or orders left 
in the absence of the Select Knights. 

180 



GENERAL PARADE. l8l 

4. To insure all this, commanding officers should be 
ordered to report their arrivals at Grand Legion headquarters 
and leave a duplicate list of the Select Knights with their 
command, as well as the ladies and band accompanying it;, 
at their own headquarters to keep a register of the locality 
of the private quarters of each individual. At stated hours 
every Knight should report at his Legion headquarters, in 
order that all may feel some confidence in expecting to find 
their friends there at that time; or general or special infor- 
mation concerning the parade, which should be given at roll- 
call. 

Grand Commanders should report at general headquar- 
ters immediately on their arrival. 

Orders should be promptly sent to Grand Commanders, who 
should require a staff officer to promptly deliver them to sub- 
ordinate commanders. At the risk of appearing harsh it is 
asserted and emphasized, that disobedience of lawful orders 
ought to be followed with prompt and effectual discipline. 
Delay blunts the point of discipline. 

Nothing wearies men in ranks so much as unnecessary 
waiting and frequent vexatious halts. This is demoralizing 
to an army, therefore promptness is the great essential. 
Let it be understood and felt that the column, announced to 
move at a given hour, will receive the command to forward 
march at the time specified, and not a moment later. 

At the time fixed for forming battalions the trumpet sounds- 
and the Legions march to the battalion parade grounds. 

If Legions are to move independently, still the oldest Le- 
gion is on the right, formed as prescribed ; fifteen yards from 
its left is the right of the band of the next in rank, and so on. 

Grand Officers in command, and their staffs, should be 
mounted or go on foot. To ride in carriages is not military, 
nor is it exactly "the thing" for a chief in command. He 
takes position in front of the center of the line or on the 
flank of the column in drill, etc., but in a street parade should 
ride at the head of the Grand Legion, so that the rear of 



l82 GENERAL PARADE. 

his escort will be fifteen yards from the band of his leading- 
Legion. The Grand Vice-Commander rides at his left a little 
retired; the staff is in their rear, in column of sections, etc. The 
Grand Standard Bearer should carry a banner, with the arms 
or name of the State thereon, if the Grand Standard is not 
borne by him. 

The instant his line is formed, the Grand Commander 
should send a staff officer to the Supreme Commander, or 
the commander in chief, to inform him of the fact. 

A bugler should accompany each Grand Commander to 
sound the attention, forward, halt, etc., that all the Legions 
may move together. The commander in chief should also 
be accompanied by a bugler, and his signals be promptly 
repeated by each Grand Commander's bugler. 

Bands near together should never play at the same time, 
and catch the step from the last drum beat, not from the step 
it happens to have. Bands should also be instructed to take 
the full step and maintain their proper distances. 

The distance between Grand Divisions (Grand Legions) 
should be twenty yards, 

A Grand Legion, too small to form a Grand Division, 
should join with others and form, according to seniority, as 
one Grand Division. 

A maneuver that would retard the rear of the column 
ought not to be permitted. If the leading Legion, by per- 
mission, executes any movement that causes it to lose ground, 
it should immediately take the double step to regain its dis- 
tance. Each Legion either shortens or lengthens its steps, 
or executes some movement that will enable it to retain its 
proper place in the column ; or Legions execute maneuvers 
successively from the right of Grand Divisions. A signal 
from the commander in chief, repeated by Grand Comman- 
ders, would enable maneuvers to be commenced simulta- 
neously on the right of each Grand Division, and followed 
in succession by Legions, or simultaneously by every Legion 
in the column, according to previously promulgated orders. 



GENERAL PARADE. 1S3 

Gaps in the column, or the crowding together of grand or 
subdivisions should never be permitted, and each command- 
ing officer ought to caution his subordinates and the guides 
on these points; complimenting them if they do well, and 
severely censuring any violation of this rule. The careless- 
ness of a single officer or Knight will destroy more of the 
harmony and beauty of the display than a whole Grand 
Division can neutralize; if, indeed, it can be overcome at alL 

To Pass in Review at General Parade. 

If the column is to pass in review before the Supreme 
Commander, the Grand Commanders, successively from the 
right, when they approach the station of the Supreme Com- 
mander command: 

1. Pass in review. 2. Guide right 

And the column continues the march, the bands do not wheel 
out of column, but if near together are careful to cease play- 
ing in time for the one in the rear to commence at fifteen 
yards from the station of the Supreme Commander. 

When a column passes in review it ought to be by Legion 
or divison front, certainly not less than section front. 



$woi{3 Signals. 



The commands at a funeral are often grating to the feelings, 
;seem cold and harsh; hence, signals should be used when prac- 
ticable. The j should be well learned before attempted in 
public. Take the position of first motion of attention before 
giving and resume it after each signal. 

Attention. Step four yards to left of leading guide, if 
Legion be in column, or in front when in line, that Knights 
may plainly see. i. Reverse the sword, grasp blade near 
the point with right hand, hilt up. 2. Swing it by a wrist 
movement in a circle close to right side, and pause w T hen hilt 
is up, blade perpendicular, hand at hight of shoulder. 

Attention. When about the grave or coffin: 1. Drop 
sword blade by the left, close in front of body, to position of 
jxirade rest, the right hand resting on the helmet. 2 Raise 
sword by its helmet in front of center of the body, hand as 
high as chin. 3. Lower sword to the ground, resuming first 
motion. 

Halt. Sword being vertical, hilt up. 1. Raise the right 
hand and drop the sword to left over the head, catch gripe 
in left hand, both arms extended, sword horizontal. 3. (For 
execution) bring sword far enough to front to pass the chapeau, 
lower it with both hands horizontally to the height of hips. 

March, i . Bring sword hilt to the front, so that the blade 
shall be inclined upward forty -five degrees. 2. By a decided 
motion extend the right arm to its full length in direction of 
the sword. 

From right take distance, 1. Slip right hand to center of 
the blade, instantly raise the hand, arm extended, point of 
sword in direction column is moving, blade horizontal. 2. Re- 
size blade near the point and give signal for March. 
184 



SWORD SIGNALS. 185; 

From center deploy. I. Seize blade by middle as before, 
raise it quickly, point to r ight, gripe over the head, arm ex- 
tended, blade horizontal. 2. Give the signal to inarch. 

Close intervals same as from center deploy. 

To close to -wheeling distance, being at open order. Same 
as from right take distance. 

Cross. Swords. The attention, as explained for position 
<ibout the coffin; then, 1. Seize blade with left hand near the 
guards, drop right hand to the side. 2. Raise sword perpen- 
dicularly, the gripe in front of the face. 3. As a signal for 
execution, lower sword until the left hand is at the belt 
buckle. 

Carry. Swords. The second and third motions of cross 
swords. 

1. Present. 2. Swords, i. Re-seize the gripe and come 
to a present. 2. Drop the sword point and hand to position 
of a salute, which is the signal of execution. 

Carry. Swords, i. Bring the sword from officers pres- 
sent to present. 2. Resume the carry, as signal of execution. 

Parade. Rest. Signal of atte?ition, for about the coffin; 
then, 1. Sieze the gripe with left hand near the guards, the 
right grasping the helmet, back of hands to front, sword ver- 
tical in front of center of body, point down, hilt at belt buckle. 
2. Raise sword with both hands as high as the chin. 3. Lower 
sword by quick motion to position of parade rest. 

Reverse. Swords, i. Reseize the gripe with the right 
hand and take position of first motion of reverse. 2. Execute 
reverse swords. The instant the sword is in position is the 
signal of execution. 

Return. Swords. Face the Legion, give the sword a 
sweep in a circle down to the right, bringing it up to a pre- 
sent, and return the sword as prescribed. As the third mo- 
tion is the signal for execution, all return their swords at the 
same instant. 

Band to play. Face the band, extend right arm to its full 
length in direction of sword. 2. Withdraw the hand, carry 



l86 BUGLE SIGNALS. 

swords, face to the proper front, and the band should com- 
mence to play. 

Band to cease flaying. Face the band and give the same 
signal as for band to play. 

If it is desired to have the band commence playing when 
the Legion presents swords^ the signal for present swords 
may answer for both, or the band is instructed to commence 
the instant swords are presented. 



Bugle Signals. 



These should be made a part of the instruction. The 
assembly is the signal for forming in ranks; if habitually 
sounded before forming the Legion it will be learned with- 
out effort. 

The signals for drill are taught one or two at a time, until 
all are familiar with them. 

A trumpet call embraces both the preparatory and execu- 
tory commands, which are promptly repeated orally by the 
officers of subdivisions. Their frequent use will insure quick 
recognition, and the beauty of the signal drill will then be 
fully appreciated. 

Movements to the right are on the ascending chord; cor- 
responding movements to the left are corresponding signals 
on the descending chord; and changes of gait are all upon 
the same notes. 

A person having "an ear for music" can easily learn to 
play upon the bugle or trumpet, and the principal signals 
can be learned in a surprisingly short space of time. It 
requires less study and practice than is necessary to com- 
mit the ritual to memory. 



BUGLE SIGNALS. 187 

1. ASSEMBLY OF MUSICIANS. 



Quick. 



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2. ASSEMBLY. 



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Moderate. 



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8. RECALL. 



Moderate. 




Quick. 



BUGLE SIGNALS. 

4. DRESS PARADE. 




5. FLOURISH FOR REVIEW. 

Quick. ^ 




6. ATTENTION. 

Slow. 


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7. FORWARD. 

Slow. / fff S 



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5. HALT. 



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BUGLE SIGNALS. 



189 



10. DOUBLE TIME 

Slow . 



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Quick. 



11. CHARGE. 




12. GUIDE RIGHT. 

Slow. >-s 



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13. GUIDE LEFT. 

Slow. 



$ 



14. GUIDE CENTRE. 

Slow. /rs 



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15. THREES RIGHT. 

Slow. ^— ^ 



$ 



^^ 



190 



BUGLE SIGNALS. 



16. THREES LEFT. 

Slow, — ^«v sss 



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17. THREES BIGHT ABOUT. 

Slow. ^ — 1 t "^ 



$ 






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18. THBEES LEFT ABOUT. 

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19. COLUMN RIGHT. 

Slow. ^ 



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s 






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21. BIGHT OBLIQUE. 

Slow. « 



i 



Slow. 



. Z^FT OBLIQUE. 



^ 



BUGLE SIGNALS. 



I 9 I 



•3. BIGHT FRO XT IX TO LINE. 

Moderate. ^ ^ 



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£#. Z-Ei'T FRONT INTO LINE. 

Moderate. 




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00. OTV RIGHT INTO LINE. 

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r r r - 



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BESS 



07. 6»jv £#.2^ /jm? x/jv.#. 

Moderate._ _ ^ 




05. LEGION RIGHT WHEEL. 

Quick. 

-9 1 1 , 9 



$ 



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192 



BUGLE SIGNALS. 



29. LEGION LEFT WHEEL. 

Quick. 




ie=si 



jjrg ^±w d J I 4 4 0- 



i 



Quick. 



30. DEPLOY. 



¥ 1 * P 



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s 



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31. TO THE BEAR. 




32. BY THE BIGHT FLANK. 

Moderate. 



$ 



=6EJ! 



/7\ 



I 



J£. 5F THE LEFT FLANK. 

Moderate. /-v 



BUGLE SIGNALS. 



*93 



34. FUNERAL MARCH. 

Very slow. 



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I 




AND RULES FOR COMPETITIVE DRILLS. 

The "pomp and circumstance" of Select Knightly gather- 
ings are often depreciated, nevertheless these displays form 
a powerful adjunct for the development of our numerical 
strength and influence. 

On such occasions the test of skill in military maneuvers 
is not the least among the attractions. 

In such drills there must be judges to "keep tally" and 
determine the relative merits of contestants. 

The most skillful Board of Judges cannot, with any degree 
of certainty, arrive at correct conclusions unless — 

1. They are familiar with the system of drill used. 

2. Constantly near the Legion drilling; placing them- 
selves on its flanks and in those proximate positions from 
which they can observe every movement to the best 
advantage. 

3. They must score and record the degree of merit each 
separate movement is entitled to, and that before another 
movement is executed. 

194 



RULES FOR COMPETITIVE DRILL. I95 

4. Each judge must have the same method of scoring and 
understand it before the drilling commences. 

5. The Legions should, as far as practicable, execute the 
same movements in the same orde7', and within the same 
limit of time. 

The judges can guess as to the comparative merit of dif- 
ferent Legions, but they cannot satisfactorily "score" them 
except upon the foregoing basis. To undertake to make up 
a score after the drilling is over is out of the question. 

When the aggregate score is made up, the chiefs of the 
several competing Legions are notified of the time and place 
fixed for the public announcement and awarding of the prize, 
that each with his command may be present. 

The following is recommended as a basis for 

Rules for Competitive Drills. 

1. Each Legion shall consist of twenty-four* Select Knights 
and three f as officers, all of its own membership .% 

2. Each Legion shall drill separately, and in the order 
of rank, || for forty minutes, unless the time be changed by 
unanimous consent of the officers in command of competing 
Legions. 

3. Three or five§ disinterested experts shall be selected by 
the Grand Commander, as a board of Judges, but they shall 
not be known as such to any others, until announced on the 
field.? 

4. The judges shall select their own method of scoring. 

5. They shall have exclusive control of the field and Legion 
during the drill. 

*Xotless than eighteen nor more than forty-eight. Fix the number 
iS, 24, 36, or 48. 

fOne Commander or three Com. and V. &L. C. or six Com. V. & L. C. 
and Standard Guard. 

Jit would be unjust to award a prize to a command permitted to pick 
or hire men from other Legions or organizations for the occasion. 

||The oldest has precedence and post of honor on every occasion; it 
would therefore be anything but fair to let it ursurp the place belong- 
ing by right to a junior, or require the latter to hazard its right by lot. 

§Five is better. ITSelected in time to become familiar with the sys- 
tem of drill to be usedi 



I96 RULES FOR COMPETITIVE DRILL. 

6. Except the judges, the Legion drilling, its band and 
standard guard, no person whatever his rank or position may 
be, shall remain (even for a moment) on the field during or 
between drills. 

7. Legions may drill with or without music, but the judges 
may require any movements to be executed without music, 
and the cadence shall be noted irrespective of the time kept 
by the band. 

8. The chiefs in charge of Legions shall report at headquar- 
ters on the field thirty minutes before the contest is to com- 
mence- at which time they may determine by ballot whether 
the drill shall be witnessed by contestants before his Legion 
has drilled. If not determined, then there shall be no such 
restriction. 

9. Legions shall cease drilling at the second sound of the 
recall (made five minutes after its first sounding), at which 
the next Legion shall be ready, having been informed as to 
the time, and at the forward, shall march on the field. 

10. Want of promptness in responding to signals shall be 
treated as errors and marked against the delinquent. 

11. No movement shall be executed that is not provided 
for in the authorized tactics. 

12.* A schedule of movements shall be prepared by the 
judges. This may embrace any movement included in the 
"School of the Knight," "Manual of the Sword," except- 
ing the silent manual, and "School of the Legion." 

13. Any movement passed will be marked "o," and cannot 
be taken up afterwards, except by unanimous consent of 
chiefs before the drill, but the omitted movements only, shall 
be executed after the programme is completed and by dis- 
tinct understanding as to what particular {omitted) move- 
ments will be taken up, and their order of execution. 

*This is not difficult for well drilled Legions, but if desired can be 
excepted. If the contest is likely to be close, a schedule, though simple, 
is almost if not quite indispensable. Better let it be practiced any 
desired time before the drill than dispense with it. 



RULES FOR COMPETITIVE DRILL. I97 

14. The schedule shall be delivered to each chief of Le- 
gion twice the number of minutes allowed for the schedule 
drill, but not exceeding one hour, before his time to march 
on the field. 

15. Ten minutes may be allowed for display movements 
not embraced in the schedule, but these shall not be considered 
in any way in making up the score. 

16. Each Legion shall march on the field and halt in 
line, in front of the judges 1 quarters. The chief commands, 

J*resent* Swords, faces about, salutes and reports: Sir, 

Legion No. — of , awaits your orders, and hands 

to the judges a paper signed by him, and containing these 
^svords: 

"I certify on honor, that the every man in line of Le- 
gion No. — of , now before you and reported for 

drill, are bona fide members thereof, that I received the 
schedule for this drill at — o'clock — M. this day, and was 
not before that hour apprised of any movement contained 
therein, nor had I any previous information of any move- 
ment that would be required in this drill. 
Date, Signed, 

Presentation of Awards. 

The Legions being notified, march to the designated place, 
and each forms as the side of a hollow square, at the point 
indicated by an aid, or the Drill Committee; or two Legions 
may form each side of the square, if room is an object. The 
chiefs form the front and center of their Legions, bring their 
commands to farade rest, face about, and assume the same 
position. The chief, when addressed by the Judges, Com- 
mittee, or person selected to make the formal presentation, 
comes to atte?ition and salutes and so stands during the pres- 
entation. He makes suitable response, then, facing about, 
•commands : 

r, Legion. 2. Attention. 
and returns his sword. He then announces : "Comrades, you 



I90 RULES FOR COMPETITIVE DRILL. 

have been awarded the first (or such) prize for 

Behold the trophy that your skill hath secured " 
Whereupon the Vice-Commander orders: 

1. Present. 2. Swords. 

and the trumpets give three flourishes. 

Chief — "Receive the reward of merit, and may it never be 
sullied by any unworthy act of a Select Knight of our 
number." 

The Standard Guard, or previously designated squad, 
under direction of its chief, carry swords, advance to within 
a yard or two of the trophy, and present swords. The 
Commander says: "Take this trophy, bear it in triumph to 
your comrades, and guard it with jealous care." 

The Standard Bearer, or designated Knight carries, returns 
swords, and takes possession of the trophy, marches back to 
place, and faces to the front. The Vice-Commander com- 
mands 

1. Carry, 2. Swords, 
and the officer who commanded in the drill wheels the Legion 
into subdivisions so that the trophy bearers and guard can 
occupy a prominent position in the center of the colurrn, 
and the Legion marches off. 



(Samps anrl damping. 



IP' 



'HE forms of camps depends upon the number to be 
accommodated, the kind of tents, and the nature 
and extent of the ground ; which latter should 
be susceptible of good drainage, and situated near 
good water. 

The terms flank, front, rank, file, etc., are applied to 
camps the same as to Knights in column, etc. 

A Legion could "pitch its tents" in the form of a cross, with 
the decorated quarters of its commander in the center. Or, 
camps may be formed as a hollow square, the tents facing 
toward the large area within; the commander's tent in its 
center, or on the side opposite and facing the opening left 
for ingress and egress; kitchen in rear. 

In battalion camps the tents are arranged in column 
of squadrons (or Legions); the tents of the first squadron 
(or Legion) faced to the rear; those of the second faced 
to the front, forming an avenue (street) or "squadron (or 
Legion) parade-ground" between. Those of the third squad- 
ron (or Legion) are faced to the rear, and so on. 

The principal Legion officers' tents are in line parallel to 
the flank of the column, facing the squadron avenues, op- 
posite their own Legion quarters. The Select Commanders 
and other Legion officers are on the flank nearest to their 
commanders' tent. 

The principal Grand Officers' tents, when practicable, are 
in the center of the line of the Legion officers' tents, other- 
wise they are in rear of its center, parallel to and facing it. 

199 



200 CAMPS AND CAMPING. 

,.~ , 1 ^ The kitchens are 

"Color Line" , . ., .. c 

1 ' between the line of 

o an an □□ B field and staff and 

B ,B gg h Legion officers' tents, 

O DD DO gg 1 eaGh ° n a line with > 

g na na DD B but facing, the flank of 

„£} on* aa aa "^J their own Legion. 

D DD na na a The battalion pa- 

Q DD DO DO O j j 

a on oa na a rade ground corn- 

el DO A DO DO I mences at th e "color 

' line," ten yards from 

CannnannnnannnnnQ tne flank farthest from 

the officers' tents and 
DQ gp □□ □□ [] parallel to it. It 

FKldandttaff f ould hav e a ^ lear 

□ a nan front equal to at least 

^ two-thirds the front 

of the battalion. 

^ mmm mmm mm wm »■ ^ mm _ The sinksarein rear 

of the camp, secluded. 

Camps in column of Legions are similar in form to that 
of the camp in column of squadrons. 

The front of a camp (flank of the column) is nearly equal 
to that of a battalion, and the number and length of the 
ranks of tents and width of the avenues vary with the 
strength of the Legions; but there should be the same num- 
ber of tents in each line, and, if necessary, Legions are 
temporarily consolidated. (See page 152.) 

The interval between files of tents is two yards. The 
distance between ranks (back to back) two yards; between 
ranks facing each other, forming the avenues, about fifteen 
(never less than six) yards, depending upon the number, etc. 
The distance from flank of column to line of officers' tents, 

*B B, Lines of Knights' tents with their avenues. C, Line of prin- 
cipal Legion officers' tents. D, Kitchens. F, Sinks. 



CAMPS AND CAMPING. 201 

about fifteen yards. From officers' tents to kitchens, and 
from kitchens to field and staff, about fifteen yards. 

The avenues should be ditched (guttered) on the sides like 
a street in a city; and if the weather is threatening, the tents 
are ditched and the loose earth thrown against the canvas, 
to prevent overflow and dampness inside. 

If cots and mattresses cannot be conveniently secured, 
drive forked sticks into the ground, three feet apart, more 
or less; place a strong stick across; about six feet distant a 
like arrangement; lay spring boards across, and place clean 
straw upon this, covering with large shawl or blanket. These 
boards should be secured at one end to keep them from slip- 
ping, and be left free at the other endto admit of spring when 
a person lies upon it. Narrow strips (from head to foot); or 
split small saplings, place their flat sides up, securing one 
end, will make a comfortable bed, which should be one and 
a half to two feet from the ground. 

The commander should be held responsible for the clean- 
liness of his Legion quarters, and the officer of the day 
should see that this duty is not neglected. 

THE "QUARTERMASTER." 

The Treasurer ex -officio, or some Knight who is careful 
in the use of money (i. £., not extravagant) should be detailed 
as Acting Quartermaster [' ; A. Q^ M."] with such ass'stants 
as are necessary. He should have a pocket cash and blank 
receipt book, keeping accurate and detailed account of receipts 
and disbursements; and should render a full detailed report, 
accompanied by vouchers, at the close of the convention. 
This should be critically examined by a committee and 
reported upon, and the facts noted of record. 

The object is to supervise the acts of the fiduciary officer, 
which ought never to be neglected; and it is also an act of jus- 
tice to him that every one may feel that the affairs have been 
faithfully managed; or, if not, the errors may be avoided 



202 CORRESPONDENCE AND ORDERS. 

next time ; besides the record, if preserved, will be a guide 
for future operations. 

A Legion going into camp, or on an excursion, should esti- 
mate the probable coster capita, and each Knight should 
pay his pro rata to the A. Q^ M. with which to purchase 
tickets, etc. He superintends the detail for handling baggage, 
and makes all the necessary purchases for camps and general 
use. This enables the Legion to form and march promptly; 
prevents much of the rushing excitement of a crowd, and 
reduces the expenses by wholesale purchases, etc. 

The A. Q^ M. should be chief in his department, subject 
only to the orders of the commander, and his authority should 
be cheerfully recognized. 

A "ladies' escort" is formed from those members who are 
unable to march with the Legion; but the A. Q^ M. and 
assistants attend to all the baggage. 



OnijifEspnntlEnEE anfl OijtlEijs. 



Orders are general or special, and are numbered in regular 
series, commencing with the administration of the Grand 
Officer. 

General orders contain whatever may be desired to be 
made known to the whole jurisdiction. 

Special orders are such as concerns individuals or Legions 
that need not be published to all — such as permission to ap- 
pear in public, to receive petition out of time, etc. 

All orders state at their head the source, place, date and 
number; at its foot the name and rank of the officer giving 



CORRESPONDENCE AND ORDERS. 20^ 

it. If printed, copies are made official by the true signa- 
ture of the Recorder himself, or a staff officer, thus : 

HEADQUARTERS 
GRAND LEGION OF NEW YORK. 

, February ist, 1882. 

General Orders) 
No.— \ 

****** 

By command of 

Sir James E. Knapp, Grand Commander. 

W. F. BOHN. Grand Recorder. 

Official, 

[If the signature is printed the same, or other recognized 
staff officer can make it "official."] 

Orders may be put in the form of letters, but the strict 
military form is better. If printed, they should be on uniform 
(note) size of paper, suitable to be bound with the proceed- 
ings or kept in files. 

Written Official Communications 

From a Grand or subordinate commander, to those under 
his command, may be by a staff officer, or Recorder. In 
other cases, by the officer or Knight himself. Official com- 
munications from a Legion pass through the Grand Com- 
mander to the Grand Commander of another jurisdiction, 
and vice versa, but between Legions they go direct. 

Official communications, as a rule, whether from inferior to 
superior or vice versa, pass through the intermediate Com- 
manders, e. g. A Select Knight wishing to send an official 
letter to the Supreme Commander addresses it regularly on 
the inside to him, but forwards it to his own commander,, 
who indorses it and sends it to the Supreme Commander. 
The response comes through the same channels, addressed on 



20 jt 



CORRESPONDENCE AND ORDERS. 



the inside to the Select Knight; or the same paper is indorsed 
and returned through the proper channels, but may be signed 
by a staff officer. It is better that official letters as a rule, 
be written on letter paper and folded twice, (in three folds) 
parallel with the writing. Indorsements are made on the 
back, as shown below. 

The top here is the back of the left side of the written page; 
indorsement for filing is made on the back of the fold at the 
top of the written page. The perpendicular lines represent 
the folds. The horizontal rulings are in red ink. 



Louisville, Ky., — '83. 



GRANT, H. B., 

Col. [Give Rank. 

Asks for suspension of 
Gen. Ord. No. — , until 
his Manual, now 
hands of the printer, can 
.be submitted. 



Bec^d, Hd. Qrs.— 



Hd. Qrs. 



No. 



■ Legion 



Courteously forward- 
ed, with the recommen- 
dation that the request, 
which appears to be 
just and reasonable, be 
granted. 



Com'der. 



Hd. Qrs. Gr. Legion of 



Approved, and courte- 
ously forwarded. If 
the committee must se- 
lect a manual, this will 
give wider range and 
prevent widespread dis- 
satisfaction, also di- 
minish the chances for 
injustice to f raters. 



Gr. C. 



Hd. Qr. G . Supreme Le- 
gion, U. S. 



Courteously retwned. 
The order cannot now 
be changed, because * * 

By command of 

Gr. Rec. 



Hd. Qrs. Gr. Legion of 



Courteously returned. 
The attention of SIH Kt. 
Grant is respectfully 
directed to the endorse- 
ment of the Gr. C. 

By order of 

Gr. Com. 



Gr. Rec. 

\etc, etc.] 



The whole matter can be thoroughly understood and 
regularly traced by the indorsements. When once under- 
stood it is simple and very convenient. It is strictly military. 




Contents 4 

Preface 6, 7 

Indorsement S 

Vocabulary of military terms 9, 10 
School of Select Knight.. 11 

Introduction 11 

Commands 12 

Position 12 

Rest: in place; parade 13, 14 

Attention 14 

Break ranks 14 

Eyes right and left 14 

Salutes with hand 14 

Facings: right; left; about 15 

Steps and cadence 16, 17 

Balance step 17 

To March in common time. ... 17 

To halt 17 

14 march quick time 17, 18 

" march double time 18,19 

" mark time 18 

Short step 18 

To change step 18 

" march backward 18 

u march to rear 18 

" march side wise 19 

" dress 20 

" march forward 20 

" march by flank 21 

u change direction 21 

" put column in motion and 

change direction 21, 22 

" halt a column 22 

" form line from column 22 

*' oblique 22 

Wheelings 23-25 

Double rank 25 

Sword Manual (22 plates) ... 26 

Draw swords 27 

Carry swords 27, 28 

Present swords 28 

Officers present or "salute" .. . 28 

Salute for Standard 28, 29 

Salutes in march 29 

Support swords 29 



Port swords 30 4 

Order swords SO 1 

Charge 31 

Right shoulder swords 31 

Support (from shoulder) 31 

Rear rest swords 32" 

Reverse 32 

Sword arms rest 33 

Parade rest .... 33 

Open files 34 

Cross swords 34 

Kneel and rest on swords 35 

Return swords 36 

Secure swords 36 

Inspection swords. 37 

Uncover 37 

Silent Manual 38 

The Salutes 14, 28, 29, 39' 

Officer's School 4G 

Legion and Staff 41 

The Band 42; 

School of Legion (17 plates) . 44 

Formations 46 

Double ranks 48 1 

To dismiss Legion 48 

" open ranks 48, 49 

" march in line 49 

" halt in line 49 

k ' wheel in line 49 

tk incline and turn 50,51 

u march by flank 51 

14 march threes to front 52 

" change direction of column. 52 

" halt column 53 

u oblique in column 53 

" march column to rear 53 

44 line to right, etc., from 3's. . 54 

** form line on the right, etc. . 55 

Line to front 1 or 2 ranks. . .56, 57 

" face and march to rear ... 58 

To break threes to rear 58 

Route step 59 

Column of files from threes. . 59 

Column of threes from files 59 

Column of twos from line 60 

205 



206 



INDEX. 



Line from column of twos ... 60 
Column of files from line, etc. . 60 

Single and double rank 60 

Double rank distance 60 

Column of Divisions 62 

Same and move forward 64 

To halt or march column 

divisions 64 

44 oblique column divisions. . . 65 
44 change direction col. div's. 65 

Same and put in march 65 

44 faced and marched to rear. . 66 
To form line from column of 
divisions to or on right, 

etc 67 

Toformlineandcontinuemarch 67 

44 break into divisions 68 

•' re-form Legion 69 

44 march column divisions by 
flank and re-form column. 70 
To advance by right or left of 
divisions, and form line 

again 71, 72 

To form threes from col. di'vs. 72 
44 form Col. Div's. from col 3's 73 

Legion Display Drill 74 

Position and numbers 74 

To form column 3's by flank 
movement from column of 

files 75 

44 form line faced to rear from 

column of threes 75 

To form line bytwo movements 

from column of threes... 76 
To form line faced to the rear 

by same 76 

To change front . . 77 

" form line on standard 78 

•" wheel about standard 78 

** wheel in line from col. of 

threes 79 

To form column sections 79 

*' wheel into sections from 

line and advance 80 

To form column sections from 

threes 80 

To form same right or left from 

threes 81 

To break into col. 3's from col. 

sections 81 

To form column threes to right 

or left from col. sections. 82 
To march in line before com- 
pletion of above 82 

To form col. 3's from col. sec. 
and march to rear and re- 



form section 83, 84 

To close sections to y z distance, 

etc 84 

To take wheeling distance ... 85 
" form col. sec. forward from 

line 85 

To form line to front from sec- 
tions 86 

To form line by 2 movements 
from col. sections at % 

distance 86 

To form line by 3 movements. 87 
44 form column of 2's from 

col. of sections 88 

To wheel in circles 89 

44 wheel >£ sections 89 

u advance even sections, etc 90 

" deploy col. sections 91-94 

" form double sections from 

column sections 94 

" break into sections 95 

u wheel subdivisions consec- 
utively 96 

" change direction column by 

flank 97 

u advance by right or left of 

double sec 98 

To break by right of subdivis- 

ionsrear into columns. 98-101 
" deploy col. double sec. .101-104 
" deploy col. 3's open order. .104 
44 deploy col., sections, etc. . .105 

" close the column 106 

" deploy to front by files 107 

44 deploy line, open order. . . 107 
" extend and close intervals 108 
" counter-march, open order. 108 

Order in Echelon. , 109 

To march echelon to rear 110 

" march echelon by flank 110 

44 re-form line from echelon. .111 
44 form sections in echelon 

from threes in echelon .... Ill 
44 formechelonfromcol.files.lll 
44 open and close ranks in 

echelon 112 

44 form line obliquely from 
files in echelon, etc. ..113-115 
General Remarks Apropos .115 
To form column from oblique 

line 115 

44 form line from files in eche- 
lon 115 

Crosses— 

To form cross from column 3's . 116 
4< reduce cross to column 3's. .117 



INDEX. 



207 



To form and reduce Greek 

cross 117, 118 

44 form Greek and Passion 

Cross from column threes . 119 

To display Greek Cross. . .120, 121 

u form Greek Cross from line. 122 

44 form Patriarchal Cross. 123-125 

44 form Cross .of Salem 125 

44 form St. Andrew's Cross . . . 

125-127 

Triangles — 

From column of files 127 

From column threes 129-132 

From column sections . . . .132, 133 

To form square 133 

u reduce Greek Cross to 

left 135-137 

" form Initial letters from col. 

sections 137 

" form diamond 138, 139 

School of Battalion 140 

Remarks — who commands. . . .140 
When commands are repeated. 141 
Rank, Position of Legions. . . .141 

Equalizing Legions 142 

Standards 142 

Post of Officers 143 

Markers 144 

To 'form Battalion 144 

" open and close ranks . .146, 147 

44 dismiss Battalion 148 

44 march in line 148 

44 face to rear; to march to 

rear 149 

44 oblique and resume for- 
ward 150 

To halt Battalion 150 

44 rectify alignments 150 

44 give general alignment. . . .150 
44 change direction in line. . . .151 

44 march by flank 152 

* 4 break into col. threes from 
right, etc., to march to 

left, etc 152 

To form line to right, etc 153 

Successive formations 153 

To form line on right, etc 154 

44 form line to front 155 

44 form line to front, faced to 

rear 155 

44 form column sections from 

line 156 

44 form line from col. sections. 157 
44 form line to right, etc., from 

column sections 157 

To form col. Legions from line . 157 



To form column and move for- 
ward 158 

To form Legions to rear into 

column from line 159 

To break from right, etc., to 
march to left, etc., from 

line 159 

To march column forward, etc .160 
44 change direction of column .160 

44 form line on right, etc 161 

44 correct alignment 161 

44 form line and move for- 
ward 162 

To form line to front from halt 163 
44 form line to front faced to 

rear 164 

To form line by two move- 
ments 164 

To advance by flank of subdivi- 
sions from line 164 

To form line from subdivisions 
when marching by flank 

of subdivisions 165 

To form column of subdivisions 
when marching by flank 
of subdivisions and re- 
verse 165 

To form col. threes from col. 

Legions or squadrons... 165 
To close column to % distance .166 

44 deploy column 166 

' 4 form line to right, etc., from 
column squadrons at ^2 

distance 166 

To form col. Legions from 

column squadrons 167 

To change front of Battalion .168 
Honors to be paid by Select 

Knights 169 

Visitations and courtesies 170 

Escorts of Honor 171 

Reception and escort of a 

Grand Officer 172 

Dress Parade 173 

Review 177 

General Parade 180 

Sword Signals 184 

Bugle Signals 186 

Award of Prize 195 

Camps and Camping 199 

The Quartermaster 201 

Correspondence and Or- 
ders 202 

Forms of orders 203 

Forms of endorsement 204 



^ppenflix. 



BTJX^I^-Ij service. 



[Prepared by Committee on Burial Rites appointed by the Supreme 
Legion.] 

It is supposed that in every town where there is a Legion 
of Select Knights, there is also a Lodge of the A. O. U. W., 
and that this Lodge will claim a prior right to the body of 
the deceased Comrade and Brother ; this Lodge should be 
allowed to furnish the pall bearers ; should the Lodge fur- 
nish the pall bearers, the Select Knight pall bearers shall act 
as a Guard of Honor, taking their position on each side of 
the pall bearers or the hearse; the Guard of Honor shall be 
equal in number to that of pall bearers; the Select Com- 
mander is requested to consult with the M. W. and P. M. W„ 
of the Lodge in regard to the various duties to be performed 
by each, so there will be no confusion at the grave. 

A Select Knight must perform escort duty at the burial of 
a Select Knight by his Legion. Upon notice of the death of 
a Select Knight, it shall be the duty of the Select Com- 
mander to notify every Knight of the Legion that he shall 
appear in full uniform, at a stated hour, at the Hall or usual 
meeting place, for the purpose of performing escort duty at 
the funeral of the deceased Comrade. 

The Select Commander will preside during the ceremonies,, 

assisted by the Vice and Lieut. -Commanders and Chaplain. 

The Select Commander having convened the Select Knights. 

of the Legion, they being in full uniform, sword-hilts dressed 

208 



APPENDIX. 209 

in mourning, the Legion will be formed in two ranks; pall 
bearers will be selected and placed on the left of the Legion; 
the Standard Bearer, with colors draped in mourning, on 
left of the pall bearers; the Officers of the Legion on left of 
colors, according to rank; the Senior Workman with sword 
and belt and the Junior Workman with chapeau of deceased, 
on the extreme left. The Legion being formed and ready 
to move, the Select Commander will command: 

Legion, Attention, 

Marshal, the Legion is now in your hands — lead on. 
The Marshal will now command: 

Right (or left) Face. Forward, March. 

The Legion will march to the residence of the deceased. 
On arriving at the door of the residence, the Marshal will 
command : 

Legion, Halt; Right and left side step, March; 
Inward, Face. 

The Select Commander and Chaplain, followed by the 
Vice and Lieut. -Commanders, pall bearers, Senior and 
Junior Workmen, will march between ranks into the house. 

The Select Commander, having formally received the 
remains, the Senior and Junior Workmen will place sword 
and chapeau on coffin, and the pall bearers range themselves 
on each side of the coffin ; Select Commander will give com- 
mand: For?n arch,* (Guard of Honor or pall bearers will 
now, with their swords, form Arch of Steel over coffin). 
As soon as emblems are placed on coffin, pall bearers return 
swords, carry and place coffin in hearse ; then take position 
on each side of hearse, at a carry swords. 

When the Select Commander has entered the house, the 
Marshal will command: 

Parade, Rest. 

*Same as "Cross Svsords." 



2IO APPENDIX. 

On the approach of pall bearers, with coffin, he will com- 
mand: 

Legion, Attention. Carry, Swords. Present, Swords. 
Legion, Un -cover. 

Remaining thus until coffin is placed in hearse. The Mar- 
shal will now command: 

Legion, Re-cover. Carry, Swords. 

As soon as the hearse moves forward the Marshal will 
command : 

By Twos, Inward, Counter -march. 

As soon as the Legion is again formed in column of twos 
or fours (as the strength of the Legion will permit) the Mar- 
shal will command: 

Reverse, Swords. Forward, March. 

The Select Commander, Vice- Commander, Lieut. -Com- 
mander, Standard Bearer, Chaplain and Senior and Junior 
Workmen in rear of hearse; the Legion will move in same 
order as at first. 

On arriving at the cemetery, the hearse will be halted at 
Legion distance from the grave. The Marshal will com- 
mand: 

Legion right and left open order. Forward, March. 
Head of Legion having reached the grave, he will command : 

Legion, Halt. Inward, Face. Legion, Un-cover. 
Present, Swords. 

Select Commander will direct pall bearers to remove the 
coffin. 

The Select Commander and Chaplain will march at the 
head of pall bearers; Vice and Lieut. -Commanders, Stand- 
ard Bearer, Senior and Junior Workmen after pall bearers. 
The Select Commander and Chaplain will take post at head 
of grave; pall bearers on each side of grave; Vice and 



^ 



APPENDIX. 211 



Lieut. -Commanders, Standard Bearer, Senior and Junior 
Workmen at foot of grave. As soon as thus formed, the 
Marshal will command: 

Legio?i, Re-cover. Carry, Swords. Right, Face. 
Forward, March. 

Legion will now form around the grave. The Marshal will 
conduct the relatives to the head of the grave, when the 
Master Workman of the Lodge will open the ceremonies 
by saying: 

"Rest here, fellow- Workmen, for the days of our Brother 
on earth are ended. We will now consign his remains to 
the silent tomb, which is the final destination of all alike. 
We, too, like our Brother, whose remains now lie before us, 
shall soon be shrouded in the habilaments of death, and our 
bodies consigned to the narrow house of the dead." 

Should the Legion conduct the whole ceremonies, the 
Marshal will open them by reading or repeating the above 
paragraph in the A. O. U. W. funeral ceremonies, by say- 
ing: "Rest here, Comrades and fellow- Workmen, " and etc. 
When he has finished, the Select Commander will give 
command: 

Guard of Honor, Form, Arch. 

The Guard of Honor, or pall bearers will now form arch 
over the coffin which is resting over the grave. 

6". C. — Comrades, to-day we are called upon to administer 
the last sad rites to our loved Comrade and Brother, w r ho, 
having fulfilled his mission among men on earth has left 
behind him all that is mortal of man, while his spirit has 
taken its flight to that celestial sphere where our arch of 
steel can no longer cheer, protect and encourage him, as it 
has in the past, in his manifold struggles, incident to a pil- 
grimage in this World of Woe. Our Comrade and Brother 
aided and assisted us in the elevation of mankind, and in 
carrying out the Royal Law — as ye would that men should 
do to you, do ye even so unto them. 



212 



APPENDIX. 



By Education he endeavored to gain that intelligent Wis- 
dom for himself and others, which would enable him to stand 
worthily among the highest and best, having an exalted 
Reputation founded on a character unstained. 

By his industry he strove to do his duty as a Man amongst 
men in providing for himself and those dependent upon him. 

By his union with us he followed the noble dictates of his 
heart and conscience to labor for the advancement of, and 
to defend the good of, Society. 

In this solemn hour we should remember that while the 
form of our Comrade and Brother, that now lies so still and 
cold before us, but a few short hours ago lived as we live; 
that in his course through life he experienced all of the vari- 
ous feelings of joy and pleasure, and of sorrow and sadness 
that we experience; that he has only passed on as one of 
the advance guard for the multitude that shall follow in his 
wake; and that it is but, a few short moments in the vast space 
of eternity, until we, too, shall receive the dread summons, 
to join the innumerable caravan that moves to the pale 
realms of shade, where each shall take his place in the silent 
halls of death. 

Though the silver thread of life has been broken, the arch 
of steel under which he is now resting shall watch over, 
guide and protect all that was near and dear to him in life, 
in the future as it has in the past. 

The Select Commander commands: 

Carry. Swords. Parade, Rest. 

The body shall now be lowered into the grave, and after 
religious services of friends, the Past Master of the A. O. 
U. W. shall resume, and in the absence of P. M. the S. K. 
Chaplain may take his place. 

P. M. W. — A melancholy occasion like this, which calls 
us now to surround a Brother Workman's grave, and to 
deposit his remains in the lonely tomb, is, to us, full of 
profitable instruction, if we would but heed the lesson given 



APPENDIX. 213 

us in such a solem manner to-day. Here we are reminded 
that we, too, are mortal, and like our brother shall soon be 
wrapped in the winding-sheet of death, and our bodies 
deposited in the narrow house of the dead. 

There is none so rich he cannot die, and none so poor that 
he cannot find a resting place. Pride and humility, wealth 
and poverty, all become victims to the iron tooth of time, 
and under this green sod find a common level. Our Brother 
is not now of this earth. The oil in his lamp of earthly life 
became exhausted, its light waned and flickered, and finally 
became extinguished ; but we sincerely hope that his liber- 
ated soul may ever drink pure draughts from those never- 
failing streams of eternal life, which have their fountain- 
head close to the throne of God. 

And now, while we mourn the departure from our midst 
of a beloved Brother, and drop the tear of sympathy with 
those whose loss has been greater than ours, let us cherish 
his memory, and profit by this proof of the Divine will and 
almighty power. 

Let us pray. 

Almighty God, Our Heavenly Father — in whom we live, 
move and have our being ; the giver of every good and per- 
fect gift ; our only refuge in time of need — we come to thee, 
in this, our hour of distress. As thou hast seen fit to remove 
from our midst our beloved Brother, we humbly commit his 
soul into Thy keeping. We pray Thee, our God, to look with 
pity upon the sorrowing family and friends of our departed 
brother. Let them be drawn towards Thee by the tender 
chords of Thy holy love, and let this severe blow be softened 
to them by the hope that this separation is not forever; that 
he has only gone before, and that in a few days, at most 
they to him will be re -united, where parting shall be no 
more. We would ask Thee, our Heavenly Father, to bless 
the institution of which our beloved Brother was a worthy 
member. May the efforts being put forth by us to incul- 
cate Friendship, Brotherly Love, Truth and Virtue, and to 



214 



APPENDIX. 



fraternize the world, receive thy approval, and lead us to 

bow with reverence to Thy holy will, and Thy name shall 

be praised, now and evermore. Amen. 

The A. O. U. W. Burial Ode may now be sungj then the S. K. 
Chaplain resumes. 



BTTIWLAXj OIDB- 



As, bowed by sudden storms, the rose 

Sinks on the garden's breast, 
Down to the grave our Brother goes, 

In silence there to rest. 

No more with us his welcome voice 

The Mystic Ode shall swell; 
No more his cheerful heart rejoice 

When peals the Sabbath bell. 

But far away, in cloudless sphere 

Amid a spotless throng, 
He's joining, with celestial voice, 

The everlasting song. 

No more we'll mourn our absent friend, 

But lift our earnest prayer — 
That when our work in life shall end, 

We all may join him there. 

£". K. Chap. — Comrades, Brothers, and Friends, in this 
dark and trying hour of sorrow and calamity, when we are 
in the presence of death, should we not pause for a moment 
and consider what our duties are to our Creator, to our- 
selves and to those dependent upon us? Should we not 
search the innermost recess of our hearts and conscience, to 
discover and expunge those evil thoughts and selfish actions 
which so pervade our human nature that they retard the 
high aspirations of the soul? Should we not leave this 



APPENDIX. 



2I 5 



solemn place with the firm resolve, that from henceforth 
we shall try to so live, that when the dread summon comes, 
we may go forth with an unfaltering Trust, and approach 
our graves like one who wraps the drapery of his couch about 
him and lies down to pleasant dreams? 

We can not come here without subdued hearts and soften- 
ed affections. When the dark shadow of death approaches 
our home, every voice is hushed and the conscience instinct- 
ively holds communion with the hereafter, and on the muta- 
bility of earthly affairs. The sad and solemn scene be- 
fore you now stirs up these feelings with a force and vivid 
power heretofore unfelt. He, who now slumbers that last 
long unbroken and undisturbed sleep of death, was our 
Comrade and Brother, with whom we have walked the pil- 
grimage and have shared the pleasures of life, as well as its 
sorrows. He w r as born as we were born, he has lived as we 
live, and he has died as we must die. He is now summoned 
beyond the effects of praise or censure. That we loved him, 
our presence here bears testimony; that he had faults is to 
repeat what his mortality demonstrates, that he was but 
human, and not Divine. The memory of his virtues lingers 
in our remembrance, and reflects its shining radiance beyond 
the portals of the tomb. 

The earthen vase which has contained precious odors will 
lose none of its fragrance, though the clay be broken and 
shattered ; so be it with the memory of our Comrade and 
Brother. 

Let us pray. 

Oh, everlasting God, supreme commander and earnest 
friend of every true and righteous heart. We beseech thee 
to look with compassionate tenderness on us in this our sad 
bereavement. Let thy consolation, solace and support, sus- 
tain the family of our deceased comrade, and help them and 
us to so live in thy light, that we may meet with him again 
in that realm where sorrow and death never enter, and thine 
shall be the honor and praise forevermore. Amen. 



2I 5 APPENDIX. 

Af. W. — Brethern, we stand in the silent city of the dead. 

Our hearts are sad as we realize that we have gathered here 

for the purpose of depositing in the cold grave the remains 

of our beloved brother and comrade. We shall never again, 

in this life, be privileged to commune and fraternize with him, 

and look upon his face, or hear his voice, as of old, speaking 

words of sympathy and encouragement. Oh! what a solemn 

lesson! Look around you and the evidence of that great truth, 

that we must all j>ass away and that "the places which now 

know us shall know us no more again forever." Let us 

therefore, seriously and solemnly reflect that duty calls us to 

be ready for the change. Let us not mistake the import of 

the lesson we are here taught, but interpret it correctly and 

bind it upon our hearts. God, the all-wise Father, has taken 

our brother and comrade to himself and he is no longer one 

of us. We now commit his body to the tomb. 

Taking some earth in his hand and sprinkling it upon the coffin, the 
M. W. will continue: 

M. W. — "Earth to earth, dust to dust, ashes to ashes. " 
Rest in peace, and may the spirit soar aloft to join the Sup- 
reme Lodge on high, where there is no more sorrow, nor 
parting, nor death, but everlasting life, full of peace and joy un- 
speakable, and full of glory. Farewell, my brother, farewell. 

All in the procession will repeat — 

Farewell. 

The procession will now re-form and march back to their hall. 
Respectfully submitted in 

E. I. AND U., 

Francis Senniger, 
H. L. Deam, 
Committee on Funeral Rites, 



